论文标题
量化初始状态对开放量子系统动力学的影响
Quantifying the influence of the initial state on the dynamics of an open quantum system
论文作者
论文摘要
与宏观环境接触的小系统通常接近渐近状态，仅由环境的某些宏观特性（例如温度或化学势）决定。在长期的限制中，小型系统的状态预计将独立于其初始状态。但是，在某些情况下，系统的渐近状态受其初始状态的影响，并且有关初始状态的一些信息始终保存。在这一发现的激励下，我们提出了一项措施，以量化开放系统的初始状态对其动力学的影响。使用此措施，我们得出了存在渐近状态并且是独特的条件。我们展示了我们的旋转玻色子模型动力学的概念，确定了三种定性不同的长期行为，并讨论如何根据提出的度量来区分它们。
A small system in contact with a macroscopic environment usually approaches an asymptotic state, determined only by some macroscopic properties of the environment such as the temperature or the chemical potential. In the long-time limit, the state of the small system is thus expected to be independent of its initial state. In some situations, however, the asymptotic state of the system is influenced by its initial state and some information about the initial state is kept for all times. Motivated by this finding, we propose a measure to quantify the influence of the initial state of an open system on its dynamics. Using this measure we derive conditions under which the asymptotic state exists and is unique. We demonstrate our concepts for the dynamics of the spin-boson model, identify three qualitatively different long-time behaviors, and discuss how they can be distinguished based on the proposed measure.
