论文标题
BBOB实例分析:跨越问题实例的景观属性和算法性能
BBOB Instance Analysis: Landscape Properties and Algorithm Performance across Problem Instances
论文作者
论文摘要
基准测试是优化算法研究的关键方面,因此,设计最受欢迎的基准套件的设计方式隐含地指导了算法设计的某些部分。这些套件之一是24个单目标噪声功能的黑盒优化基准测试(BBOB)套件,这已经是十多年来的标准。在此问题套件中,可以创建单个问题的不同实例,这对于测试转换下算法的稳定性和不变性是有益的。在本文中,我们通过考虑每个BBOB问题的500个实例来研究BBOB实例创建协议。使用探索性景观分析,我们表明,在BBOB实例中景观特征的分布对于大量问题来说是高度多样的。此外,我们在这500个实例中运行了一组八种算法,并研究了哪些情况在哪些情况下发生了统计学上的显着差异。我们认为,尽管在BBOB实例中应用的转换确实确实保留了功能的高级属性,但它们在实践中的差异不应被忽略,尤其是在将问题视为框架约束而不是不受限制时。
Benchmarking is a key aspect of research into optimization algorithms, and as such the way in which the most popular benchmark suites are designed implicitly guides some parts of algorithm design. One of these suites is the black-box optimization benchmarking (BBOB) suite of 24 single-objective noiseless functions, which has been a standard for over a decade. Within this problem suite, different instances of a single problem can be created, which is beneficial for testing the stability and invariance of algorithms under transformations. In this paper, we investigate the BBOB instance creation protocol by considering a set of 500 instances for each BBOB problem. Using exploratory landscape analysis, we show that the distribution of landscape features across BBOB instances is highly diverse for a large set of problems. In addition, we run a set of eight algorithms across these 500 instances, and investigate for which cases statistically significant differences in performance occur. We argue that, while the transformations applied in BBOB instances do indeed seem to preserve the high-level properties of the functions, their difference in practice should not be overlooked, particularly when treating the problems as box-constrained instead of unconstrained.