论文标题
热,密集的亚北极toi-824b是裸露的海王星地幔吗? Spitzer检测炎热的一天和重新分析内部组合物
Is the hot, dense sub-Neptune TOI-824b an exposed Neptune mantle? Spitzer detection of the hot day side and reanalysis of the interior composition
论文作者
论文摘要
开普勒和苔丝任务揭示了大量的亚北极分球星。尽管有很多丰度,但我们对亚核的性质和组成多样性的理解仍然有限,这在很大程度上是因为通过传播光谱研究大气研究几乎仅针对低密度亚核,甚至通常受到高蓝色云的影响。最近发现热,密集的TOI-824B($ 2.93 \,r_ \ oplus $和$ 18.47 \,m_ \ oplus $)的苔丝发现,通过启用通过二级eclipses对密集的亚neptune进行研究,从而打开了一个新的窗口。在这里,我们通过Spitzer次要日食观察到$ 3.6 $和$ 4.5 \,\ Mathrm {μm} $通道对TOI-824B的炎热一天的检测,并结合其内部组成的重新分析。测得的日食深度(142 $^{+57} _ { - 52} $和245 $^{+75} _ { - 77} $ ppm)和亮度温度(1463 $^{+183} _ {+183} _ { - 196} $ { - 196} $ and 1484 $^180} $ k)再分配($ f> $ 0.49)和低债券反照率(a $ _ {b} <$ 0.26)。我们得出的结论是,TOI-824b可能是一个“暴露的海王星地幔”:一个具有海王星样水的内部的行星,从未积聚氢包膜,或者随后丢失了氢。然后,自然会通过高金属构象来重新将大部分传入辐射从白天侧重新发射。 TOI-824b的密度也与巨大的岩石芯相一致,该岩石芯的岩石芯占氢的1%,但是观察到的日食深度有利于我们的高金属gcm仿真对太阳金属性GCM模拟,其可能性比为7:1。对TOI-824B本质的新见解表明,亚纳的种群可能比以前想象的要多样化,其中一些密集的热亚北极可能不受亚北极为假定的氢构造。
The Kepler and TESS missions revealed a remarkable abundance of sub-Neptune exoplanets. Despite this abundance, our understanding of the nature and compositional diversity of sub-Neptunes remains limited, to a large part because atmospheric studies via transmission spectroscopy almost exclusively aimed for low-density sub-Neptunes and even those were often affected by high-altitude clouds. The recent TESS discovery of the hot, dense TOI-824b ($2.93\,R_\oplus$ and $18.47\,M_\oplus$) opens a new window into sub-Neptune science by enabling the study of a dense sub-Neptune via secondary eclipses. Here, we present the detection of TOI-824b's hot day side via Spitzer secondary eclipse observations in the $3.6$ and $4.5\,\mathrm{μm}$ channels, combined with a reanalysis of its interior composition. The measured eclipse depths (142$^{+57}_{-52}$ and 245$^{+75}_{-77}$ ppm) and brightness temperatures (1463$^{+183}_{-196}$ and 1484$^{+180}_{-202}$ K) indicate a poor heat redistribution ($f>$ 0.49) and a low Bond albedo (A$_{B}<$ 0.26). We conclude that TOI-824b could be an "exposed Neptune mantle": a planet with a Neptune-like water-rich interior that never accreted a hydrogen envelope or that subsequently lost it. The hot day-side temperature is then naturally explained by a high-metallicity envelope re-emitting the bulk of the incoming radiation from the day side. TOI-824b's density is also consistent with a massive rocky core that accreted up to 1% of hydrogen, but the observed eclipse depths favor our high-metallicity GCM simulation to a solar-metallicity GCM simulation with a likelihood ratio of 7:1. The new insights into TOI-824b's nature suggest that the sub-Neptune population may be more diverse than previously thought, with some of the dense hot sub-Neptunes potentially not hosting a hydrogen-rich envelope as generally assumed for sub-Neptunes.