论文标题
从IceCube选出的结果
Selected results from IceCube
论文作者
论文摘要
中微子天文学通过IceCube在60 TEV以上的能量上发现的弥漫性通量发现，其强度可与超高能量宇宙射线（UHECRS）的半乳酸源的预测上限相当。虽然这种上限对应于量热源的情况，其中宇宙射线将所有能量损失到照片产生中，但从吸引人的性质的大型中，观察到了中微子和伽玛射线之间的第一个具有统计学意义的重合观测。一个很高的能量智能事件，最可能的中微子能量为$ e^{ - 2.13} $光谱，警告了其他观测值，这些观测值在许多电磁（EM）频谱的许多频段中触发了大量研究。事件发生后不久，在大约40天的随访中揭示了来自大型伽马射线的高伽马射线状态。在光条带和无线电带中也进行了后验观察，表明txs 0506+056 Blazar的通量升高。 IceCube观察到以前的超过100 〜d事件的过量事件，其意义高于警报本身。这些观察结果比简单的单区质子同步器模型触发了更复杂的建模模型，用于在活性银河核（AGNS）的喷射中质子加速度，并在EM光谱中进行更多观测。第二个证据是，在较低的能量良好恢复的muon事件的样本中，稳定过剩约50个中微子事件，与警报事件相比。在与NGC 1068兼容的方向上，在110个伽玛射线激烈的发射器和Starburst星系的目录中发现了一个热点，其显着性为$2.9σ$。 NGC 1068在星空星系中拥有一个温和的相对论喷气机，不是从喷气式方向看，而是通过圆环。这个Seyfert II星系仅在地球上仅为14.4 〜MPC。我们讨论这些观察结果。
Neutrino astronomy saw its birth with the discovery by IceCube of a diffuse flux at energies above 60 TeV with intensity comparable to a predicted upper limit to the flux from extra-galactic sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). While such an upper limit corresponds to the case of calorimetric sources, in which cosmic rays lose all their energy into photo-pion production, the first statistically significant coincident observation between neutrinos and gamma rays was observed from a blazar of intriguing nature. A very-high-energy muon event, of most probable neutrino energy of 290 TeV for an $E^{-2.13}$ spectrum, alerted other observatories triggering a large number of investigations in many bands of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. A high gamma-ray state from the blazar was revealed soon after the event and in a follow-up to about 40 days. A posteriori observations also in the optical and radio bands indicated a rise of the flux from the TXS 0506+056 blazar. A previous excess of events of the duration of more than 100~d was observed by IceCube with higher significance than the alert itself. These observations triggered more complex modeling than simple one-zone proton synchrotron models for proton acceleration in jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and more observations across the EM spectrum. A second piece of evidence was a steady excess of about 50 neutrino events with reconstructed soft spectrum in a sample of lower energy well-reconstructed muon events than the alert event. A hot spot was identified in a catalog of 110 gamma-ray intense emitters and starburst galaxies in a direction compatible with NGC 1068 with a significance of $2.9σ$. NGC 1068 hosts a mildly relativistic jet in a starburst galaxy, seen not from the jet direction but rather through the torus. This Seyfert II galaxy is at only 14.4~Mpc from the Earth. We discuss these observations.
