论文标题

地面陆地系外行星LTT 1445AB的光学传输光谱

Ground-based Optical Transmission Spectroscopy of the Nearby Terrestrial Exoplanet LTT 1445Ab

论文作者

Diamond-Lowe, Hannah, Mendonça, João M., Charbonneau, David, Buchhave, Lars A.

论文摘要

附近的M DWARF系统目前为陆地系外行星气氛的光谱调查提供了最有利的机会。 LTT〜1445系统是M矮的分层三重,带有两个已知行星,绕着主要恒星LTT〜1445A。我们观察到陆地世界LTT〜1445AB的四个过渡($ r = 1.3 $ r $ _ \ oplus $,$ m = 2.9 $ m $ _ \ oplus $)在Magellan II/LDSS3C的低分辨率下。我们将LTT〜1445BC对的合并通量作为比较星,标志着首次使用M Dwarf来消除另一个M矮人的时间序列观察结果的误导性变异性。我们发现LTT〜1445B和C的发射中的H $α$,以及LTT〜1445C的数据集之一。这些受污染的数据从分析中删除。我们从620--1020 nm构建了LTT〜1445AB的宽带传输光曲线。归纳到3分钟的时间箱,我们为组合的宽带光曲线获得了49 ppm的RMS。我们构建一个具有20个分光光度计箱的传输光谱,每个分光光度计箱均跨越20 nm,并将其与清晰的1 $ \ times $太阳能组成氛围进行比较。我们排除了这种大气案例,其表面压力为10 bar至$3.2σ$置信度,并且表面压力为1 bar至$3.1σ$置信度。即将与JWST对LTT〜1445AB进行LTT〜1445AB的次要日食,将进一步探讨平均分子量大气的较高的情况,朦胧或多云的气氛,或者在这个地面世界上根本没有气氛。

Nearby M dwarf systems currently offer the most favorable opportunities for spectroscopic investigations of terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres. The LTT~1445 system is a hierarchical triple of M dwarfs with two known planets orbiting the primary star, LTT~1445A. We observe four transits of the terrestrial world LTT~1445Ab ($R=1.3$ R$_\oplus$, $M=2.9$ M$_\oplus$) at low resolution with Magellan II/LDSS3C. We use the combined flux of the LTT~1445BC pair as a comparison star, marking the first time that an M dwarf is used to remove telluric variability from time-series observations of another M dwarf. We find H$α$ in emission from both LTT~1445B and C, as well as a flare in one of the data sets from LTT~1445C. These contaminated data are removed from the analysis. We construct a broadband transit light curve of LTT~1445Ab from 620--1020 nm. Binned to 3-minute time bins we achieve an rms of 49 ppm for the combined broadband light curve. We construct a transmission spectrum with 20 spectrophotometric bins each spanning 20 nm and compare it to models of clear, 1$\times$ solar composition atmospheres. We rule out this atmospheric case with a surface pressure of 10 bars to $3.2 σ$ confidence, and with a surface pressure of 1 bar to $3.1 σ$ confidence. Upcoming secondary eclipse observations of LTT~1445Ab with JWST will further probe the cases of a high mean molecular weight atmosphere, a hazy or cloudy atmosphere, or no atmosphere at all on this terrestrial world.

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