论文标题
回程证明:宽带带宽的无信任度量
Proof of Backhaul: Trustfree Measurement of Broadband Bandwidth
论文作者
论文摘要
近年来,出现了由许多个人和小型企业托管的节点组成的分散无线网络的出现,从而唤起了数十年来的开放网络梦想。这些网络已以有机,分布式的方式部署,并由新的经济模型驱动,该模型基于令牌化的激励措施。激励措施扩展的关键要求是能够以分散的信任方式证明网络性能,即拜占庭式容错网络遥测系统。在本文中,我们提出了回程(POB)协议的证明,该协议以分散且无信任的方式测量了无线访问点的(宽带)回程链路的带宽。特别是,我们提出的协议是第一个满足以下两个属性的协议:(1)TrustFree。带宽测量是确保挑战服务器和供奉献者的协作拜占庭式攻击的安全性。 (2)打开。成为挑战服务器的进入障碍较低;不需要延迟较低,通往测量链路的吞吐量很高。在高级方面,我们的协议汇总了来自多个挑战服务器的挑战流量,并使用加密原始图来确保挑战者的一部分,甚至挑战者和抛弃者,都无法恶意修改其有利的结果。正式的安全模型使我们能够确保准确的带宽测量值,这是恶意演员比例的函数。我们的评估表明,使用仅持续100 ms的测量值,我们的POB协议可以验证高达1000 Mbps的回程带宽,误差少于8%。在腐败的挑战者面前,测量准确性不会受到影响。重要的是,基本的验证协议将自己带到了次要的修改中,即使在跨交通的存在下,也可以测量可用的带宽。
Recent years have seen the emergence of decentralized wireless networks consisting of nodes hosted by many individuals and small enterprises, reawakening the decades-old dream of open networking. These networks have been deployed in an organic, distributed manner and are driven by new economic models resting on tokenized incentives. A critical requirement for the incentives to scale is the ability to prove network performance in a decentralized trustfree manner, i.e., a Byzantine fault tolerant network telemetry system. In this paper, we present a Proof of Backhaul (PoB) protocol which measures the bandwidth of the (broadband) backhaul link of a wireless access point, termed prover, in a decentralized and trustfree manner. In particular, our proposed protocol is the first one to satisfy the following two properties: (1) Trustfree. Bandwidth measurement is secure against Byzantine attacks by collaborations of challenge servers and the prover. (2) Open. The barrier-to-entry for being a challenge server is low; there is no requirement of having a low latency and high throughput path to the measured link. At a high-level, our protocol aggregates the challenge traffic from multiple challenge servers and uses cryptographic primitives to ensure that a subset of challengers or, even challengers and provers, cannot maliciously modify results in their favor. A formal security model allows us to establish guarantees of accurate bandwidth measurement as a function of the fraction of malicious actors. Our evaluation shows that our PoB protocol can verify backhaul bandwidth of up to 1000 Mbps with less than 8% error using measurements lasting only 100 ms. The measurement accuracy is not affected in the presence of corrupted challengers. Importantly, the basic verification protocol lends itself to a minor modification that can measure available bandwidth even in the presence of cross-traffic.