论文标题
带有物质和宇宙常数的宇宙中的重力镜头
Gravitational lensing in a universe with matter and a cosmological constant
论文作者
论文摘要
我们扩展了在\ cite {piattella_2016，mcvittie_2015}中获得的结果和\ cite {park_2008}，以在McVittie指标中用于重力镜头，包括从宇宙的物质主导时期到$λ$ tomination $λ$ tomination $λ$ tominited Era的过渡。我们得出了一个公式，该公式与McVittie度量标准的先前结果相符，并比较从Schwarzschild近似，McVittie模型和McVittie模型获得的镜头角度预测。在此过程中，我们测试了除了从宇宙加速膨胀的校正之外，是否需要将宇宙的物质内容包括在镜头系统中观察到的红移的镜头系统中。我们研究是否需要从这些校正中修改镜头方程，如果是这样，则需要对哪个顺序以及是否可以测量。我们发现，虽然效果与以前计算的效果相同，但对弯曲角没有显着贡献，因为一阶效应已经在观察角度$ \ MATHCAL {O}（θ_O^4）$。
We extend the results obtained in \cite{Piattella_2016, mcvittie_2015} and \cite{Park_2008} for gravitational lensing in the McVittie metric by including the effect of the transition from the matter-dominated epoch of the Universe to the $Λ$-dominated era. We derive a formula that agrees with the previous results for the McVittie metric at lowest order, and compare the lensing angle predictions obtained from the Schwarzschild approximation, the McVittie model and higher order corrections to the McVittie model. In doing this, we test if, beyond the correction from the accelerated expansion of the Universe, there is a need for including the matter content of the Universe in modeling lens systems at the redshifts observed in lens systems. We investigate if there is a need for a modification of the lens equation from these corrections, and if so, to which order and whether it is measurable. We find that while the effect is of the same order as the one calculated previously, there is no significant contribution to the bending angle, as the 1st order effect is already of order $\mathcal{O}(θ_O^4)$ in the observed angle.
