论文标题

用于测量引起的相变的跨熵基准

Cross Entropy Benchmark for Measurement-Induced Phase Transitions

论文作者

Li, Yaodong, Zou, Yijian, Glorioso, Paolo, Altman, Ehud, Fisher, Matthew P. A.

论文摘要

我们研究了使用线性跨透明镜来实验访问测量引起的相变(MIPT)的前景,而无需进行任何量子轨迹的任何后。对于大容量中相同但具有不同初始状态的两个随机电路,两个电路中的批量测量结果分布之间的线性交叉透镜$χ$充当边界顺序参数,可用于将体积定律与区域定律阶段区分开。在体积定律阶段(在热力学限制中)中,整体测量无法区分两个不同的初始状态,$χ= 1 $。在地区法律阶段$χ<1 $。对于带有克利福德门的电路,我们提供了数值证据,表明可以通过$ o(1/ε^2)$轨迹对准确性$ε$采样,通过在没有后选择的量子模拟器上运行第一个电路,并得到第二个经典模拟的帮助。我们还发现,对于弱去极噪声,MIPT的特征仍然存在于中间系统大小。在我们的协议中,我们具有选择初始状态的自由,以便可以有效地模拟“经典”一面,同时模拟“量子”侧仍然是经典的。

We investigate the prospects of employing the linear cross-entropy to experimentally access measurement-induced phase transitions (MIPT) without requiring any postselection of quantum trajectories. For two random circuits that are identical in the bulk but with different initial states, the linear cross-entropy $χ$ between the bulk measurement outcome distributions in the two circuits acts as a boundary order parameter, and can be used to distinguish the volume law from area law phases. In the volume law phase (and in the thermodynamic limit) the bulk measurements cannot distinguish between the two different initial states, and $χ= 1$. In the area law phase $χ< 1$. For circuits with Clifford gates, we provide numerical evidence that $χ$ can be sampled to accuracy $ε$ from $O(1/ε^2)$ trajectories, by running the first circuit on a quantum simulator without postselection, aided by a classical simulation of the second. We also find that for weak depolarizing noise the signature of the MIPT is still present for intermediate system sizes. In our protocol we have the freedom of choosing initial states such that the "classical" side can be simulated efficiently, while simulating the "quantum" side is still classically hard.

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