论文标题
Bose-Einstein冷凝物中的微型典型和规范波动 - Fock状态采样方法
Microcanonical and Canonical Fluctuations in Bose-Einstein Condensates -- Fock state sampling approach
论文作者
论文摘要
Bose-Einstein冷凝物和周围热气体之间原子数的波动一直是长期存在的理论辩论。讨论集中在适当的热力学集合围绕用于理论预测的适当热力学集合以及相互作用对观察到的波动的影响。在这里，我们介绍了所谓的Fock状态采样方法，以解决当前弱相互作用气体实验兴趣的经典问题。相对于规范合奏，使用微域的抑制作用会观察到预测的峰值波动。此外，相互作用导致谐波捕获气体的峰值波动温度的变化。波动的绝对大小进一步取决于原子的总数和诱捕电位的长宽比。由于这些效果的相互作用，没有普遍的抑制或增强波动。
The fluctuations of the atom number between a Bose-Einstein condensate and the surrounding thermal gas have been the subject of a long standing theoretical debate. This discussion is centered around the appropriate thermodynamic ensemble to be used for theoretical predictions and the effect of interactions on the observed fluctuations. Here we introduce the so-called Fock state sampling method to solve this classic problem of current experimental interest for weakly interacting gases. A suppression of the predicted peak fluctuations is observed when using a microcanonical with respect to a canonical ensemble. Moreover, interactions lead to a shift of the temperature of peak fluctuations for harmonically trapped gases. The absolute size of the fluctuations furthermore depends on the total number of atoms and the aspect ratio of the trapping potential. Due to the interplay of these effect, there is no universal suppression or enhancement of fluctuations.
