论文标题
拥塞税对骑车需求和交通拥堵的短期影响：芝加哥的证据
The Short-term Impact of Congestion Taxes on Ridesourcing Demand and Traffic Congestion: Evidence from Chicago
论文作者
论文摘要
骑车在许多城市都很受欢迎。尽管具有理论上的好处，但大量研究声称，骑车也带来了（负）外部性（例如，引起旅行和加剧交通拥堵）。因此，许多城市正计划制定或已经制定了规范其使用的政策。但是，这些政策对骑车需求和交通拥堵的有效性或影响尚不确定。为此，这项研究应用了差异差异（即基于回归的因果推理方法），以经验评估拥塞税政策对芝加哥骑行需求和交通拥堵的影响。它表明，这种拥塞税政策大大减少了总体乘以来源的需求，但会略微减轻交通拥堵。结果可以选择时间窗口和数据集，其他控制变量，替代模型规格，替代控制组和替代建模方法（即时间的回归不连续性）。而且，存在相当大的异质性。例如，该政策大大减少了乘坐距离的距离，但随着距离的增加，这种影响会逐渐减弱。
Ridesourcing is popular in many cities. Despite its theoretical benefits, a large body of studies have claimed that ridesourcing also brings (negative) externalities (e.g., inducing trips and aggravating traffic congestion). Therefore, many cities are planning to enact or have already enacted policies to regulate its use. However, these policies' effectiveness or impact on ridesourcing demand and traffic congestion is uncertain. To this end, this study applies difference-in-differences (i.e., a regression-based causal inference approach) to empirically evaluate the effects of the congestion tax policy on ridesourcing demand and traffic congestion in Chicago. It shows that this congestion tax policy significantly curtails overall ridesourcing demand but marginally alleviates traffic congestion. The results are robust to the choice of time windows and data sets, additional control variables, alternative model specifications, alternative control groups, and alternative modeling approaches (i.e., regression discontinuity in time). Moreover, considerable heterogeneity exists. For example, the policy notably reduces ridesourcing demand with short travel distances, but such an impact is gradually attenuated as the distance increases.
