论文标题
附近和质子滴管的核
Nuclei near and at the proton dripline
论文作者
论文摘要
质子滴管附近及其以外的核是核图表中的一个引人入胜的领域。在本章中，探索了该领域并且在其他地方找不到的主要现象。从$β$稳定谷转向质子滴灌时，遇到了非常异国情调的衰变模式，例如$β$ - 删除（多）粒子发射，或质子 - 或两种质子放射性。地标核是两个具有魔法质子和中子数的同位素，$^{48} $ ni和$^{100} $ sn。此外，富含质子的核（$ n <z $）显示了其他有趣的特征，例如破坏同源对称性，因此在镜子核之间的能量光谱中，所谓的Thomas-ehrmann Shift在能量光谱中，或质子 - 荷兰的现象。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，接近质子滴针的核在核合成中起着非常重要的作用，因为它们参与了快速质子捕获过程，并且其性质对于定义随后的流量和接近$^{100} $ sn的终止至关重要。
Nuclei in the vicinity of the proton dripline and beyond it are a fascinating realm within the chart of nuclei. In this chapter the main phenomena that characterize this domain and are not to be found elsewhere are explored. While moving away from the $β$-stability valley towards the proton dripline, phenomena like very exotic decay modes such as $β$-delayed (multi-) particle emission, and proton-, or two-proton radioactivity are encountered. Landmark nuclei are here two isotopes with magic proton and neutron numbers, $^{48}$Ni and $^{100}$Sn. Moreover, proton-rich nuclei ($N < Z$) display other interesting features, like breaking of isospin symmetry with consequent asymmetry in the energy spectra between mirror nuclei, the so-called Thomas-Ehrmann shift, or the phenomenon of proton-halo. Last but not least, nuclei close to the proton dripline play a very important role in nucleosynthesis, since they take part in the rapid-proton capture process and their properties are crucial in defining the flow followed and its termination close to $^{100}$Sn.
