论文标题
生物纳米机诱导的非平衡转运
Nonequilibrium Transport Induced by Biological Nanomachines
论文作者
论文摘要
生物纳米机器是纳米大小的大分子复合物，在存在底物分子的情况下催化化学反应。这种纳米机器在细胞质中执行的催化功能，生物膜对于细胞代谢和稳态至关重要。在催化反应期间，酶发生底物结合和产物释放引起的构象变化。近年来，这些构象动力学被认为是在生物系统中观察到的非平衡转运现象，例如扩散增强，趋化性和流变特性的实质变化。在这篇评论文章中，我们将概述最近的理论和实验研究，该研究涉及生物纳米机器（例如酶或蛋白质）引起的非平衡转运现象。
Biological nanomachines are nanometer-size macromolecular complexes that catalyze chemical reactions in the presence of substrate molecules. The catalytic functions carried out by such nanomachines in the cytoplasm, and biological membranes are essential for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. During catalytic reactions, enzymes undergo conformational changes induced by substrate binding and product release. In recent years, these conformational dynamics have been considered to account for the nonequilibrium transport phenomena such as diffusion enhancement, chemotaxis, and substantial change in rheological properties, which are observed in biological systems. In this review article, we shall give an overview of the recent theoretical and experimental investigations that deal with nonequilibrium transport phenomena induced by biological nanomachines such as enzymes or proteins.
