论文标题
关系量子力学中的随机性
Randomness in Relational Quantum Mechanics
论文作者
论文摘要
Carlo Rovelli在1996年以目前的形式引入的量子力学(RQM)的关系解释涉及与文献中广泛讨论的其他QM解释的许多重要不同。我们从这里开始总结这些独特的RQM特征,重点是建议改变QM现象中随机性质的见解。这些RQM特征之一是假设宇宙中的所有对象都是量子对象,无论其物质复杂性如何。而且,任何两个对象的相互作用都可以导致每个对象的新关系量子状态与另一个对象作为参考。但是,这样的新状态不会替换与以前与其他参考对象相互作用相对应的关系状态。特别是,包括被认为是随机变量的变量的早期关系状态不会崩溃以定义变量的确定值,而是简单地相对于新参考的状态中的该特定值。因此,与RQM中量子状态变量相关的随机性概念与其他QM解释中的概念不同。与其采用RQM与其他常见QM解释之间并排比较的通常的ped态方法,我们通过详细描述RQM概念方面的众所周知的“双缝”实验来说明这些差异,从而指出了与其他解释相比的重要优势。当然,我们建议双缝实验结果没有变化,但认为解释性修改是有帮助和深刻的。
The relational interpretation of quantum mechanics (RQM), introduced in its present form by Carlo Rovelli in 1996, involves a number of significant departures from other QM interpretations widely discussed in the literature. We begin here by summarizing these unique RQM features, with a focus on those that suggest altered insights into the nature of the randomness exhibited in QM phenomena. One of these RQM features is the assumption that all objects in the universe are quantum objects, regardless of their material complexity. And, the interaction of any two objects can result in new relational quantum states of each of the objects with the other as reference. But such new states do not replace relational states corresponding to previous interactions with other reference objects. In particular, such earlier relational states that include a variable considered to be random do not collapse to define a determined value of the variable, but instead simply take on that specific value in the state relative to the new reference. The concept of randomness associated with quantum state variables in RQM thus differs from that in other QM interpretations. Rather than take the usual pedantic approach of elaborate side-by-side comparisons between the RQM and other common QM interpretations, we illustrate these differences by describing in some detail the well-known "dual-slit" experiment in terms of RQM concepts, pointing out the important advantages over other interpretations along the way. Of course, we suggest no change in dual-slit experiment results, but believe that the interpretative modifications are helpful and profound.