论文标题
湍流中快速沉积液滴的间歇性和碰撞
Intermittency and collisions of fast sedimenting droplets in turbulence
论文作者
论文摘要
我们在理论上和数值上研究了均匀各向同性Navier-Stokes湍流中沉积物的液滴的空间分布和碰撞速率。假定流体颗粒的典型湍流加速度比重力小得多。这表明这表明颗粒与单个涡旋弱相互作用,因此在大多数空间中形成平滑的流动。在较弱的间歇性湍流中,雷诺数中等,在液滴碰撞的空间平均速率计算中,流量分解的罕见区域可以忽略。但是,RE的增加增加了罕见的大静脉涡流的概率,这些涡流的长期相互作用与颗粒的长度相互作用破坏了流动。因此,在较高的RE下,空间平均碰撞速率在稀有区域的假设分解。我们描述了制度之间的过渡,并在流动可描述的情况下提供碰撞内核。表明成对距离的分布可以遵守分离载体的幅度和极角的可分离依赖性。幅度依赖遵守具有负指数的幂律,表现出液滴吸引子的多纹状体。我们提供了迄今缺少该指数与Lyapunov指数之间关系的数值确认,并证明其超出了理论范围。 RDF的角度依赖性在量化粒子的空间柱形成的小角度表现出最大值。我们使用该液滴的梯度流动的梯度是高斯。我们证明,随着RE的增加,列的纵横比减小,最终在恢复各向同性时成为一个。我们提出如何通过使用RDF的示例在云的较高RE构建理论。
We study theoretically and numerically spatial distribution and collision rate of droplets that sediment in homogeneous isotropic Navier-Stokes turbulence. It is assumed that typical turbulent accelerations of fluid particles are much smaller than gravity. This was shown to imply that the particles interact weakly with individual vortices and, as a result, form a smooth flow in most of the space. In weakly intermittent turbulence with moderate Reynolds number, rare regions where the flow breaks down can be neglected in the calculation of space averaged rate of droplet collisions. However, increase of Re increases probability of rare, large quiescent vortices whose long coherent interaction with the particles destroys the flow. Thus at higher Re the space averaged collision rate forms in rare regions where the assumption of smooth flow breaks down. We describe the transition between the regimes and provide collision kernel in the case of moderate Re describable by the flow. The distribution of pairwise distances is shown to obey a separable dependence on the magnitude and the polar angle of the separation vector. Magnitude dependence obeys a power-law with a negative exponent, manifesting multifractality of the droplet's attractor. We provide the so far missing numerical confirmation of a relation between this exponent and the Lyapunov exponents and demonstrate that it holds beyond the theoretical range. The angular dependence of the RDF exhibits a maximum at small angles quantifying particle's formation of spatial columns. We derive the droplet's collision kernel using that in the considered limit the gradients of droplet's flow are Gaussian. We demonstrate that as Re increases the column's aspect ratio decreases, eventually becoming one when the isotropy is restored. We propose how the theory could be constructed at higher Re of clouds by using the example of the RDF.