论文标题

人类价值违反堆栈溢出:一项探索性研究

Human Values Violations in Stack Overflow: An Exploratory Study

论文作者

Krishtul, Sara, Shahin, Mojtaba, Obie, Humphrey O., Khalajzadeh, Hourieh, Gai, Fan, Nasab, Ali Rezaei, Grundy, John

论文摘要

越来越多的软件密集型系统被指控违反或忽略人类价值观(例如隐私,包容和社会责任),这给个人和社会带来了很大的困难。这种违规通常是由于所采用的解决方案以及与用户价值未对准的系统的开发人员做出的决定。堆栈Overflow是开发人员中最受欢迎的质量保证网站,可以在软件开发过程中分享其问题,解决方案(例如代码段)和决策。我们进行了一项探索性研究,以调查堆栈溢出柱中人类价值侵犯的发生。由于帖子下的评论通常被用来指出帖子的可能问题和弱点,因此我们分析了2000个堆栈溢出评论及其相应的帖子(1980年独特的问题或答案),以确定违反人类价值的类型以及堆栈溢出用户对此类违规行为的反应。我们的研究发现,在2000个评论中,有315条包含担忧,表明其相关帖子(313个独特的帖子)违反了人类价值。利用施瓦茨的基本价值观理论作为最广泛的价值模型,我们表明享乐主义和仁慈是最受侵犯的价值类别。我们还发现,堆栈溢出评论者对违反人类价值的反应非常快,但是被指控违反人类价值的大多数帖子(76.35%)根本不会被拒绝。最后,我们发现原始海报很少通过编辑其帖子来应对潜在人类价值观的关注。同时,他们通常在自己的后续评论中回应这些评论时会接受。

A growing number of software-intensive systems are being accused of violating or ignoring human values (e.g., privacy, inclusion, and social responsibility), and this poses great difficulties to individuals and society. Such violations often occur due to the solutions employed and decisions made by developers of such systems that are misaligned with user values. Stack Overflow is the most popular QA website among developers to share their issues, solutions (e.g., code snippets), and decisions during software development. We conducted an exploratory study to investigate the occurrence of human values violations in Stack Overflow posts. As comments under posts are often used to point out the possible issues and weaknesses of the posts, we analyzed 2000 Stack Overflow comments and their corresponding posts (1980 unique questions or answers) to identify the types of human values violations and the reactions of Stack Overflow users to such violations. Our study finds that 315 out of 2000 comments contain concerns indicating their associated posts (313 unique posts) violate human values. Leveraging Schwartz's theory of basic human values as the most widely used values model, we show that hedonism and benevolence are the most violated value categories. We also find the reaction of Stack Overflow commenters to perceived human values violations is very quick, yet the majority of posts (76.35%) accused of human values violation do not get downvoted at all. Finally, we find that the original posters rarely react to the concerns of potential human values violations by editing their posts. At the same time, they usually are receptive when responding to these comments in follow-up comments of their own.

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