论文标题
风和洋流如何影响浮动物体的漂移
How winds and ocean currents influence the drift of floating objects
论文作者
论文摘要
北极冰山,不受约束的海冰,油条,红树林碎屑,损失的货物容器和其他浮动物的众所周知,尽管材料,形状和物体的尺寸在材料,形状和尺寸方面存在巨大差异,但相对于水的主要风速的2-4%以相对于水的流速而移动。在这里,我们重新审视密度,纵横比和皮肤的作用,并在确定物体如何由风和水流驱动方面进行拖累。理想化的理论考虑表明,尽管参数空间的最终成员存在实质性差异(非常薄或非常厚,非常轻或致密的物体),但浮动物体的大多数实际情况以$ \ $ \ $ \ $ \ $ 3%的自由流风速(在物体的表面边界层以外测量)的$ \ $ 3%)。这种关系被称为各种浮动物体漂移的长期经验法则,它来自空气密度与水的密度之比的平方根。我们使用具有多种密度和形状的浮动物体通过Flume实验来支持我们的理论发现。
Arctic icebergs, unconstrained sea ice floes, oil slicks, mangrove drifters, lost cargo containers, and other flotsam are known to move at 2-4% of the prevailing wind velocity relative to the water, despite vast differences in the material properties, shapes, and sizes of objects. Here, we revisit the roles of density, aspect ratio, and skin and form drag in determining how an object is driven by winds and water currents. Idealized theoretical considerations show that although substantial differences exist for end members of the parameter space (either very thin or thick and very light or dense objects), most realistic cases of floating objects drift at $\approx$3% of the free-stream wind velocity (measured outside an object's surface boundary layer). This relationship, known as a long-standing rule of thumb for the drift of various types of floating objects, arises from the square root of the ratio of the density of air to that of water. We support our theoretical findings with flume experiments using floating objects with a range of densities and shapes.