论文标题
反馈循环产生的弱势振荡器的虚拟双孔潜力
Virtual double-well potential for an underdamped oscillator created by a feedback loop
论文作者
论文摘要
虚拟电位是一种非常优雅,精确和灵活的工具,可操纵小型系统并探索随机热力学中的基本问题。特别是双孔电位在信息处理中有应用,例如兰代原理的演示。然而,在失业的系统中从未实施虚拟双孔电位。在本文中,我们详细介绍了如何面对为不受欢迎的系统创建反馈回路的实验挑战(探索其势能景观的速度比其过度抑制的速度快得多),以建立可调的虚拟双孔潜力。为了正确描述反馈陷阱中的系统行为,我们在所有屏障高度的双孔中表达了切换时间,首次合并了Kramer的描述,在高障碍物下有效,并针对较低的模型进行了调整后的模型。我们表明,在两个井之间的开关中,反馈回路的较小滞后或延迟导致修饰的速度分布,被解释为系统动力学温度的冷却。我们成功解决了所有问题,以在实验上创造一个虚拟潜力,这在统计学上与物理无法区分,并在两个井之间具有可调的障碍高度和能量步骤。
Virtual potentials are a very elegant, precise and flexible tool to manipulate small systems and explore fundamental questions in stochastic thermodynamics. In particular double-well potentials have applications in information processing, such as the demonstration of Landauer's principle. Nevertheless, virtual double-well potentials had never been implemented in underdamped systems. In this article, we detail how to face the experimental challenge of creating a feedback loop for an underdamped system (exploring its potential energy landscape much faster than its over-damped counterpart), in order to build a tunable virtual double-well potential. To properly describe the system behavior in the feedback trap, we express the switching time in the double-well for all barrier heights, combining for the first time Kramer's description, valid at high barriers, with an adjusted model for lower ones. We show that a small hysteresis or delay of the feedback loop in the switches between the two wells results in a modified velocity distribution, interpreted as a cooling of the kinetic temperature of the system. We successfully address all issues to create experimentally a virtual potential that is statistically indistinguishable from a physical one, with a tunable barrier height and energy step between the two wells.