论文标题
迈向无线指纹本地化的可持续深度学习
Towards Sustainable Deep Learning for Wireless Fingerprinting Localization
论文作者
论文摘要
基于位置的服务已经在最终用户中流行,现在不可避免地成为新的无线基础架构和新兴业务流程的一部分。越来越受欢迎的深度学习(DL)人工智能方法基于广泛的室内无线电测量数据,在无线指纹定位方面表现出色。但是,随着复杂性的增加,这些方法在计算上变得非常密集和饥饿,无论是因为它们的训练还是随后的操作。考虑到只有移动用户,估计到2025年底估计超过74亿亿,并且假设为这些用户服务的网络平均每小时只能执行一个本地化,则用于计算的机器学习模型每年需要执行65*10^12个预测。再加上这个等式,数千亿其他连接的设备和应用程序很大程度上依赖于更频繁的位置更新,并且显然,除非开发和使用更节能的模型,否则本地化将对碳排放产生重大贡献。这促使我们在基于DL的新架构上进行室内本地化的工作,该建筑与相关的最新方法相比,在仅显示边缘性能降低的同时,它具有更高的能源效率。详细的绩效评估表明,与我们小组外部的最先进的模型相比,该模型可产生58%的碳足迹,同时保持98.7%的整体性能。此外,我们详细介绍了一种计算DL模型复杂性以及在训练和操作过程中的二氧化碳足迹的复杂性的方法。
Location based services, already popular with end users, are now inevitably becoming part of new wireless infrastructures and emerging business processes. The increasingly popular Deep Learning (DL) artificial intelligence methods perform very well in wireless fingerprinting localization based on extensive indoor radio measurement data. However, with the increasing complexity these methods become computationally very intensive and energy hungry, both for their training and subsequent operation. Considering only mobile users, estimated to exceed 7.4billion by the end of 2025, and assuming that the networks serving these users will need to perform only one localization per user per hour on average, the machine learning models used for the calculation would need to perform 65*10^12 predictions per year. Add to this equation tens of billions of other connected devices and applications that rely heavily on more frequent location updates, and it becomes apparent that localization will contribute significantly to carbon emissions unless more energy-efficient models are developed and used. This motivated our work on a new DL-based architecture for indoor localization that is more energy efficient compared to related state-of-the-art approaches while showing only marginal performance degradation. A detailed performance evaluation shows that the proposed model producesonly 58 % of the carbon footprint while maintaining 98.7 % of the overall performance compared to state of the art model external to our group. Additionally, we elaborate on a methodology to calculate the complexity of the DL model and thus the CO2 footprint during its training and operation.