论文标题
分析企业DNS流量以对资产进行分类并跟踪网络健康
Analyzing Enterprise DNS Traffic to Classify Assets and Track Cyber-Health
论文作者
论文摘要
域名系统(DNS)是一项关键服务,可以使域名转换为IP地址(反之亦然);因此,通常可以通过企业安全系统(例如防火墙)允许使用几乎没有限制。这使组织网络暴露于DDOS,渗透和反思攻击,造成了重大的财务和声誉损失。拥有松散联合的IT部门(例如,大学和研究机构)的大型组织通常甚至没有完全了解其所有DNS资产和脆弱性,更不用说它们暴露于外界的攻击表面了。在本文中,我们通过开发被动分析实时DNS流量,确定组织DNS资产并连续监控其健康的方法来解决“ DNS盲点”。我们的贡献是三倍。首先,我们对两个大型组织(大学校园和政府研究所)的所有DNS流量进行了全面分析,并确定了各种资产类型的关键行为概况,例如递归解析器,权威名称服务器和混合DNS服务器。其次,我们开发了一种无监督的聚类方法,该方法使用确定的行为属性对企业DNS资产进行了分类,并证明我们的方法成功地对两个组织进行了100多个DNS资产分类。第三,我们的方法不断跟踪组织DNS资产中的各种健康指标,并确定了多个配置,数据剥落,DDOS和反射攻击的几个实例。我们认为,本文中的被动分析方法可以帮助企业以自动化和无风险的方式监视组织DNS健康。
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical service that enables domain names to be converted to IP addresses (or vice versa); consequently, it is generally permitted through enterprise security systems (e.g., firewalls) with little restriction. This has exposed organizational networks to DDoS, exfiltration, and reflection attacks, inflicting significant financial and reputational damage. Large organizations with loosely federated IT departments (e.g., Universities and Research Institutes) often do not even fully aware of all their DNS assets and vulnerabilities, let alone the attack surface they expose to the outside world. In this paper, we address the "DNS blind spot" by developing methods to passively analyze live DNS traffic, identify organizational DNS assets, and monitor their health on a continuous basis. Our contributions are threefold. First, we perform a comprehensive analysis of all DNS traffic in two large organizations (a University Campus and a Government Research Institute) for over a month, and identify key behavioral profiles for various asset types such as recursive resolvers, authoritative name servers, and mixed DNS servers. Second, we develop an unsupervised clustering method that classifies enterprise DNS assets using the behavioral attributes identified, and demonstrate that our method successfully classifies over 100 DNS assets across the two organizations. Third, our method continuously tracks various health metrics across the organizational DNS assets and identifies several instances of improper configuration, data exfiltration, DDoS, and reflection attacks. We believe the passive analysis methods in this paper can help enterprises monitor organizational DNS health in an automated and risk-free manner.