论文标题

G28.20-0.05中的孤立巨星形成

Isolated Massive Star Formation in G28.20-0.05

论文作者

Law, Chi-Yan, Tan, Jonathan C., Gorai, Prasanta, Zhang, Yichen, Fedriani, Rubén, Tafoya, Daniel, Tanaka, Kei, Cosentino, Giuliana, Yang, Yao-Lun, Mardones, Diego, Beltrán, Maria Teresa, Garay, Guido

论文摘要

我们报告了高分辨率1.3 〜mm连续体和分子线观测值的G28.20-0.05与Alma。连续图像揭示了一个带有2,000 〜AU半径的环状结构,类似于档案1.3〜cm VLA观测值中的形态。基于其光谱指数和相关的H $30α$排放,该结构主要追踪电离气体。但是,有证据表明,$ \ sim30 $ 〜m $ _ {\ odot} $ dusty气体在戒指一侧的主毫米连续峰附近以及3,000〜Au内的相邻区域中。对$ \ sim $ 2,000〜AU的量表的病毒分析来自热核线排放的$ \ sim80 \:m_ \ odot $的动态质量。 H $30α$发射中的强速度梯度是旋转的电离磁盘风的证据,该磁盘风能驱动大型分子流出。红外SED分析表明,当前的原始质量为$ m _*\ sim40 \:m_ \ odot $,是从核心形成的,具有初始质量$ $ $ m_c \ sim300 \:m_ \ odot $,质量表面密度为$ c = _ {\ rm clm cl} \ sim 0.8 \ sim 0.8 \:因此,可以在核心积聚模型的背景下理解系统的SED和其他属性。对大规模连续图的结构调查分析表明,G28.20-0.05在相对孤立的环境中形成,没有其他集中源,即ProtoStellar核心,即$ \ sim 1 \:M_ \ odot $从$ \ sim $ \ sim $ 0.1到0.1至0.4 〜pc,y Sim 1 \:m_ \ odot $。这意味着巨大的恒星可以相对隔离形成,并且在$ \ sim1 $ 〜PC环境中的其他原始伴侣的缺乏是对巨大的恒星形成理论的强烈限制,该理论预测了周围的原始群集的存在。

We report high-resolution 1.3~mm continuum and molecular line observations of the massive protostar G28.20-0.05 with ALMA. The continuum image reveals a ring-like structure with 2,000~au radius, similar to morphology seen in archival 1.3~cm VLA observations. Based on its spectral index and associated H$30α$ emission, this structure mainly traces ionised gas. However, there is evidence for $\sim30$~M$_{\odot}$ of dusty gas near the main mm continuum peak on one side of the ring, as well as in adjacent regions within 3,000~au. A virial analysis on scales of $\sim$2,000~au from hot core line emission yields a dynamical mass of $\sim80\:M_\odot$. A strong velocity gradient in the H$30α$ emission is evidence for a rotating, ionized disk wind, which drives a larger-scale molecular outflow. An infrared SED analysis indicates a current protostellar mass of $m_*\sim40\:M_\odot$ forming from a core with initial mass $M_c\sim300\:M_\odot$ in a clump with mass surface density of $Σ_{\rm cl}\sim 0.8\:{\rm g\:cm}^{-2}$. Thus the SED and other properties of the system can be understood in the context of core accretion models. Structure-finding analysis on the larger-scale continuum image indicates G28.20-0.05 is forming in a relatively isolated environment, with no other concentrated sources, i.e., protostellar cores, above $\sim 1\:M_\odot$ found from $\sim$0.1 to 0.4~pc around the source. This implies that a massive star can form in relative isolation and the dearth of other protostellar companions within the $\sim1$~pc environs is a strong constraint on massive star formation theories that predict the presence of a surrounding protocluster.

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