论文标题
非线性扩散冲击加速度：注入电子的配方
Non-linear diffusive shock acceleration: A recipe for injection of electrons
论文作者
论文摘要
在宇宙射线天体物理学的许多实际考虑中，需要进行电子注入到扩散的冲击加速过程中，尤其是在天体物理源的同步加速器发射的建模时。在准平行磁化无碰撞冲击的粒子中模拟中，我们分析了粒子光谱的演变。我们发现，在冲击进化的后期阶段，最初在离子光谱中最有强大的可抑制部分逐渐消失，从而离开了由麦克斯韦和权力法组成的光谱。一旦电子和离子光谱变平并变得平行，我们发现宇宙射线离子和电子的量变得相似。我们通过将该注射规则应用于Blasi的非线性扩散冲击加速度的半分析模型来迈向关联微型和宏观尺度物理，以便获得粒子光谱和电子比率$ k _ {\ mathrm {eprm {ep}} $在高能量处的粒子光谱和电子比率$ k _ {通过使用包括电子加热的冲击跳跃条件，我们发现$ k _ {\ mathrm {ep}} $作为马赫数的函数。对于马赫数$ \ sim $ 100，我们的模型很好地再现了银河系宇宙射线的通常比率，$ k _ {\ mathrm {ep}} \ sim $ 1：100在测试粒子方面。
Prescriptions for electron injection into the diffusive shock acceleration process are required in many practical considerations of cosmic-ray astrophysics, particularly in modeling of the synchrotron emission of astrophysical sources. In particle-in-cell simulations of quasi-parallel magnetized collisionless shocks, we analyse the evolution of particle spectra. We find that in the later stages of shock evolution, the initially strong suprathermal part in the ion spectra fades, thus leaving the spectra composed of a Maxwellian and a power law. Once the electron and ion spectra flatten and become parallel, we find that the amounts of cosmic ray ions and electrons become similar. We make the step towards relating the micro and macro-scale physics by applying this injection rule to Blasi's semi-analytical model of non-linear diffusive shock acceleration, in order to obtain the particle spectra and electron-to-proton ratio $K_{\mathrm{ep}}$ at high energies. By using shock jump conditions that include the electron heating, we find $K_{\mathrm{ep}}$ as a function of Mach number. For Mach number $\sim$ 100, our model finely reproduces the typically observed ratio for Galactic cosmic-rays $K_{\mathrm{ep}} \sim$ 1:100 in the test particle regime.
