论文标题
保留游戏的许多方法：个人可变性在浮游微生物中保持高生物多样性
Many ways to stay in the game: Individual variability maintains high biodiversity in planktonic micro-organisms
论文作者
论文摘要
显然与竞争理论矛盾，已知的，共存的浮游物种的数量远远超过了它们可阐明的生物多样性 - 这种差异称为浮游生物的悖论。我们引入了一种新的游戏理论模型，用于竞争微生物，其中一个玩家由一个物种的所有生物组成。我们模型中种群动态的稳定点（称为战略行为分布（SBD））是所有生物体中行为的概率分布，这意味着该物种的整体稳定人群。我们发现，特异性内变异性是最终允许共存的关键特征，因为具有可变竞争能力的个体之间的竞争结果是无法预测的。我们基于理论模型的模拟表明，多达100种的物种至少可以共存10000代，即使是竞争能力较低的人口规模或物种，当存在特异性内部变异性时，也可以生存。在本质上，可以观察到这种变异性是利基区分，环境和生态因素的变异性以及个人行为或生理学的变异性。因此，对悖论的先前特定解释与我们的建议相一致，并提供了我们建议的特定示例，即单个变异性是解决悖论的机制。
In apparent contradiction to competition theory, the number of known, co-existing plankton species far exceeds their explicable biodiversity - a discrepancy termed the Paradox of the Plankton. We introduce a new game-theoretic model for competing micro-organisms in which one player consists of all organisms of one species. The stable points for the population dynamics in our model, known as strategic behavior distributions (SBDs), are probability distributions of behaviors across all organisms which imply a stable population of the species as a whole. We find that intra-specific variability is the key characteristic that ultimately allows co-existence because the outcomes of competitions between individuals with variable competitive abilities is unpredictable. Our simulations based on the theoretical model show that up to 100 species can coexist for at least 10000 generations, and that even small population sizes or species with inferior competitive ability can survive when there is intra-specific variability. In nature, this variability can be observed as niche differentiation, variability in environmental and ecological factors, and variability of individual behaviors or physiology. Therefore previous specific explanations of the paradox are consistent with and provide specific examples of our suggestion that individual variability is the mechanism which solves the paradox.
