论文标题
使用现实情况下的自动驾驶汽车安全评估的程序
Procedure for the Safety Assessment of an Autonomous Vehicle Using Real-World Scenarios
论文作者
论文摘要
在过去的几年中，自动驾驶汽车（AV）的发展取得了重大进展。 AVS发展的一个重要方面是评估其安全性。需要解决新的方法。其中，汽车领域的许多参与者广泛支持了基于现实世界的评估。基于方案的评估允许除了进行物理测试（例如测试轨道，试验场或公共道路）之外，还可以使用虚拟仿真工具。 我们建议考虑三个利益相关者：申请人，评估员和（道路或车辆）权威的基于现实世界的道路批准评估的程序。挑战如下。首先，测试需要根据操作设计域（奇数）和动态驾驶任务（DDT）的描述进行量身定制。其次，假定申请人由于这些结果中包含的专有或机密信息而不想披露所有详细的测试结果。第三，由于复杂的ODD和DDT，需要许多测试场景才能获得对AV评估的足够信心。因此，假定由于资源有限，评估人员进行所有（物理）测试是不可行的。 我们提出了一种系统的方法，用于确定基于当局设定的要求以及AV的ODD和DDT描述的测试，以便将测试定制为适用的ODD和DDT。每个测试都有指标，使申请人能够为每个测试提供AV的性能等级。通过仅提供每个测试的性能等级，申请人无需披露测试结果的详细信息。在我们提出的程序中，评估者仅进行有限数量的测试。这些测试的主要目的是验证申请人提供的结果的保真度。
The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has made significant progress in the last years. An important aspect in the development of AVs is the assessment of their safety. New approaches need to be worked out. Among these, real-world scenario-based assessment is widely supported by many players in the automotive field. Scenario-based assessment allows for using virtual simulation tools in addition to physical tests, such as on a test track, proving ground, or public road. We propose a procedure for real-world scenario-based road-approval assessment considering three stakeholders: the applicant, the assessor, and the (road or vehicle) authority. The challenges are as follows. Firstly, the tests need to be tailored to the operational design domain (ODD) and dynamic driving task (DDT) description of the AV. Secondly, it is assumed that the applicant does not want to disclose all of the detailed test results because of proprietary or confidential information contained in these results. Thirdly, due to the complex ODD and DDT, many test scenarios are required to obtain sufficient confidence in the assessment of the AV. Consequently, it is assumed that due to limited resources, it is infeasible for the assessor to conduct all (physical) tests. We propose a systematic approach for determining the tests that are based on the requirements set by the authority and the AV's ODD and DDT description, such that the tests are tailored to the applicable ODD and DDT. Each test comes with metrics that enables the applicant to provide a performance rating of the AV for each of the tests. By only providing a performance rating for each test, the applicant does not need to disclose the details of the test results. In our proposed procedure, the assessor only conducts a limited number of tests. The main purpose of these tests is to verify the fidelity of the results provided by the applicant.
