论文标题

使用深度学习替代物对层流中最小阻力曲线的数值研究

Numerical investigation of minimum drag profiles in laminar flow using deep learning surrogates

论文作者

Chen, Li-Wei, Cakal, Berkay Alp, Hu, Xiangyu, Thuerey, Nils

论文摘要

有效预测流动性形状优化的流场和负载仍然是一项高度挑战和相关的任务。深度学习方法对于此类问题特别感兴趣,因为它们成功地解决了其他领域的反问题。在本研究中,对基于U-NET的深神经网络(DNN)模型进行了高保真数据集的训练,以推断流场,然后用作替代模型来执行形状优化问题,即找到具有固定的横截面区域的阻力最小轮廓,该轮廓经受固定的横截面区域,该区域经受二维稳定稳定稳定的层次流动。使用水平集方法以及bezier-curve方法来参数形状,而训练有素的神经网络与自动分化的结合使用来计算优化框架中的梯度流。从DNN模型预测的流场计算出的优化形状和阻力值与通过Navier-Stokes求解器获得的参考数据和文献相吻合,这表明DNN模型不仅能够预测流动型,还可以产生令人满意的空气动力。这尤其有希望,因为未经专门训练DNN来推断空气动力。与快速运行时结合使用,基于DNN的优化框架显示出对一般空气动力学设计问题的希望。

Efficiently predicting the flowfield and load in aerodynamic shape optimisation remains a highly challenging and relevant task. Deep learning methods have been of particular interest for such problems, due to their success for solving inverse problems in other fields. In the present study, U-net based deep neural network (DNN) models are trained with high-fidelity datasets to infer flow fields, and then employed as surrogate models to carry out the shape optimisation problem, i.e. to find a drag minimal profile with a fixed cross-section area subjected to a two-dimensional steady laminar flow. A level-set method as well as Bezier-curve method are used to parameterise the shape, while trained neural networks in conjunction with automatic differentiation are utilized to calculate the gradient flow in the optimisation framework. The optimised shapes and drag force values calculated from the flowfields predicted by DNN models agree well with reference data obtained via a Navier-Stokes solver and from the literature, which demonstrates that the DNN models are capable of predicting not only flowfield but also yield satisfactory aerodynamic forces. This is particularly promising as the DNNs were not specifically trained to infer aerodynamic forces. In conjunction with the fast runtime, the DNN-based optimisation framework shows promise for general aerodynamic design problems.

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