论文标题

基于共享性网络的分解方法解决大型单程路线问题

Shareability Network Based Decomposition Approach for Solving Large-scale Single School Routing Problems

论文作者

Guo, Xiaotong, Samaranayake, Samitha

论文摘要

我们考虑了单个学校路线问题(SSRP),其中一所学校的校车将接管一所学校的学生,但要受到一系列限制。通常针对校车施加的限制是公共汽车的容量,到达接送点的最大步行距离以及每个学生的最大通勤时间。这是带有公共目的地的车辆路由问题(VRP)的特殊情况。我们提出了一种基于现有的共享性网络概念解决此问题的分解方法,该方法最近在动态骑行问题的背景下已使用。此外,我们提出了一个简化的公式,用于通过引入SSRP和加权设置覆盖问题(WSCP)之间的连接来解决SSRP。为了将此方法扩展到大规模的问题实例,我们提出了i)基于共享性网络的分解方法的节点压缩方法,ii)基于启发式的边缘修剪技术在实践中表现良好。我们表明,压缩问题会导致降低维度的整数线性程序(ILP),可以使用现成的ILP求解器有效地解决。进行了合成波士顿公立学校(BPS)实例的数值实验,以评估我们的方法的性能。同时,我们拟议的SSRP配方允许向学生引入替代运输模式的自然扩展,这有效地减少了每所学校所需的公共汽车数量,并导致平均降低15 \%的成本。此外,将两种最先进的大规模SSRP解决技术与我们在基准网络上提出的方法进行了比较,而我们的方法在单个学校环境下的两种技术都优于这两种技术。

We consider the Single School Routing Problem (SSRP) where students from a single school are picked up by a fleet of school buses, subject to a set of constraints. The constraints that are typically imposed for school buses are bus capacity, a maximum student walking distance to a pickup point, and a maximum commute time for each student. This is a special case of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with a common destination. We propose a decomposition approach for solving this problem based on the existing notion of a shareability network, which has been used recently in the context of dynamic ridepooling problems. Moreover, we come up with a simplified formulation for solving the SSRP by introducing the connection between the SSRP and the weighted set covering problem (WSCP). To scale this method to large-scale problem instances, we propose i) a node compression method for the shareability network based decomposition approach, and ii) heuristic-based edge pruning techniques that perform well in practice. We show that the compressed problem leads to an Integer Linear Program (ILP) of reduced dimensionality that can be solved efficiently using off-the-shelf ILP solvers. Numerical experiments on the synthetic Boston Public School (BPS) instances are conducted to evaluate the performance of our approach. Meanwhile, our proposed SSRP formulation allows a natural extension for introducing alternate transportation modes to students, which effectively reduces the number of buses needed for each school and leads to a 15\% cost reduction on average. Moreover, two state-of-art large-scale SSRP solving techniques are compared with our proposed approaches on benchmark networks and our methods outperform both techniques under a single school setting.

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