论文标题

避免帮助避免:使用接口设计更改来促进智能导师中的未经请求的提示

Avoiding Help Avoidance: Using Interface Design Changes to Promote Unsolicited Hint Usage in an Intelligent Tutor

论文作者

Maniktala, Mehak, Cody, Christa, Barnes, Tiffany, Chi, Min

论文摘要

在智能辅导系统中,大量的研究调查了提示,包括如何生成数据驱动的提示,提示内容的提示以及何时为最佳学习成果提供提示。但是,对提示的提示更少的关注。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的提示交付机制,称为“断言”,用于在数据驱动的智能导师中提供未经请求的提示。断言是部分工作的示例步骤,旨在出现在学生工作空间中,并以与学生衍生的步骤相同的格式出现,以向学生展示可能的子目标,从而导致解决方案。我们假设断言可以帮助解决众所周知的提示避免问题。在仅根据要求提供提示的系统中,提示避免会导致学生在需要时没有收到提示。我们的主张并没有寻求改善学生的帮助,而是寻求确保学生获得所需的帮助。我们将启示段的断言与在学生无活动之后出现的消息,基于文本的,无请求的提示进行了对比。我们的结果表明,与消息相比,断言大大增加了未经请求的提示。此外,他们在断言和先前的熟练程度之间显示出明显的才能治疗相互作用,主张使先前熟练程度较低的学生更快地生成更短(更有效的)后测解决方案。我们还提出了一个聚类分析,该分析显示了当导师以主张形式提供未经请求的帮助时,先验知识较低的学生之间的生产持久性模式。总体而言,这项工作提供了令人鼓舞的证据表明,提示演示可以显着影响学生使用他们的使用方式和使用断言可以是解决帮助回避的有效方法。

Within intelligent tutoring systems, considerable research has investigated hints, including how to generate data-driven hints, what hint content to present, and when to provide hints for optimal learning outcomes. However, less attention has been paid to how hints are presented. In this paper, we propose a new hint delivery mechanism called "Assertions" for providing unsolicited hints in a data-driven intelligent tutor. Assertions are partially-worked example steps designed to appear within a student workspace, and in the same format as student-derived steps, to show students a possible subgoal leading to the solution. We hypothesized that Assertions can help address the well-known hint avoidance problem. In systems that only provide hints upon request, hint avoidance results in students not receiving hints when they are needed. Our unsolicited Assertions do not seek to improve student help-seeking, but rather seek to ensure students receive the help they need. We contrast Assertions with Messages, text-based, unsolicited hints that appear after student inactivity. Our results show that Assertions significantly increase unsolicited hint usage compared to Messages. Further, they show a significant aptitude-treatment interaction between Assertions and prior proficiency, with Assertions leading students with low prior proficiency to generate shorter (more efficient) posttest solutions faster. We also present a clustering analysis that shows patterns of productive persistence among students with low prior knowledge when the tutor provides unsolicited help in the form of Assertions. Overall, this work provides encouraging evidence that hint presentation can significantly impact how students use them and using Assertions can be an effective way to address help avoidance.

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