论文标题
暗能量：是爱因斯坦的宇宙恒定兰伯达吗？
Dark Energy: is it `just' Einstein's Cosmological Constant Lambda?
论文作者
论文摘要
爱因斯坦（Einstein）于1917年提出的宇宙恒定兰伯达（Lambda）从不同的变体和化身（包括更广泛的暗能量概念）开始。当前的观察结果与lambda的值一致，该值与宇宙临界密度的70％相对应。这导致了过去60亿年来宇宙扩展的加速（加速度），这一发现获得了2011年诺贝尔物理奖的发现。再加上宇宙的平坦度以及30％的物质（5％的Baryonic和25％的冷暗物质），这形成了所谓的Lambda-CDM标准模型，该模型在大约30年内在许多观察性测试中幸存下来。但是，目前存在lambda-cdm内的不一致（“张力”）的迹象，这是对哈勃常数和块状因子的不同值的。同样，尚未排除黑暗能量的时间变化和与一般相对性的轻微偏差。正在进行一些大型项目，以进一步测试Lambda-CDM，并将宇宙学参数估计为次级级别。如果lambda-cdm将仍然是标准模型，那么球就回到了理论家法院，以解释Lambda的身体含义。 Lambda是对宇宙几何形状的改变还是真空的能量？也许这是不同的东西，表现出一种未知的高级理论？
The Cosmological Constant Lambda, a concept introduced by Einstein in 1917, has been with us ever since in different variants and incarnations, including the broader concept of Dark Energy. Current observations are consistent with a value of Lambda corresponding to about present-epoch 70% of the critical density of the Universe. This is causing the speeding up (acceleration) of the expansion of the Universe over the past 6 billion years, a discovery recognised by the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics. Coupled with the flatness of the Universe and the amount of 30% matter (5% baryonic and 25% Cold Dark Matter), this forms the so-called Lambda-CDM standard model, which has survived many observational tests over about 30 years. However, there are currently indications of inconsistencies (`tensions' ) within Lambda-CDM on different values of the Hubble Constant and the clumpiness factor. Also, time variation of Dark Energy and slight deviations from General Relativity are not ruled out yet. Several grand projects are underway to test Lambda-CDM further and to estimate the cosmological parameters to sub-percent level. If Lambda-CDM will remain the standard model, then the ball is back in the theoreticians' court, to explain the physical meaning of Lambda. Is Lambda an alteration to the geometry of the Universe, or the energy of the vacuum? Or maybe it is something different, that manifests a yet unknown higher-level theory?
