论文标题

表征$ \ frac {p} {q} <4 $的圆形着色混合

Characterizing Circular Colouring Mixing for $\frac{p}{q}<4$

论文作者

Brewster, Richard C., Moore, Benjamin

论文摘要

给定图形$ g $,$ k $ - 混合问题要问:一个人可以通过一次更改一个只有一个顶点的颜色,而在每个步骤上都要维护$ k $ - 颜色?更一般而言,对于图$ h $,$ h $ mixing的问题要问:可以通过一次仅更改一个顶点的图像,而在每个步骤中,每个步骤都可以维护一个同型$ g \ g \ $? 本文着重于$ k $ - 颜色的概括,即$(p,q)$ - 圆形着色。 We show that when $2 < \frac{p}{q} < 4$, a graph $G$ is $(p,q)$-mixing if and only if for any $(p,q)$-colouring $f$ of $G$, and any cycle $C$ of $G$, the wind of the cycle under the colouring equals a particular value (which intuitively corresponds to having no wind).结果,我们表明$(p,q)$ - 混合在称为折叠的受限同构中关闭。 Using this, we deduce that $(2k+1,k)$-mixing is co-NP-complete for all $k \in \mathbb{N}$, and by similar ideas we show that if the circular chromatic number of a connected graph $G$ is $\frac{2k+1}{k}$, then $G$ folds to $C_{2k+1}$.我们使用表征来解决Brewster和Noel的猜想,特别是,双方图的圆形混合数为$ 2 $。最后,当$ 3 \ leq \ frac {p} {q} {q} <4 $时,我们给出了$(p,q)$的多项式时间算法。

Given a graph $G$, the $k$-mixing problem asks: Can one obtain all $k$-colourings of $G$, starting from one $k$-colouring $f$, by changing the colour of only one vertex at a time, while at each step maintaining a $k$-colouring? More generally, for a graph $H$, the $H$-mixing problem asks: Can one obtain all homomorphisms $G \to H$, starting from one homomorphism $f$, by changing the image of only one vertex at a time, while at each step maintaining a homomorphism $G \to H$? This paper focuses on a generalization of $k$-colourings, namely $(p,q)$-circular colourings. We show that when $2 < \frac{p}{q} < 4$, a graph $G$ is $(p,q)$-mixing if and only if for any $(p,q)$-colouring $f$ of $G$, and any cycle $C$ of $G$, the wind of the cycle under the colouring equals a particular value (which intuitively corresponds to having no wind). As a consequence we show that $(p,q)$-mixing is closed under a restricted homomorphism called a fold. Using this, we deduce that $(2k+1,k)$-mixing is co-NP-complete for all $k \in \mathbb{N}$, and by similar ideas we show that if the circular chromatic number of a connected graph $G$ is $\frac{2k+1}{k}$, then $G$ folds to $C_{2k+1}$. We use the characterization to settle a conjecture of Brewster and Noel, specifically that the circular mixing number of bipartite graphs is $2$. Lastly, we give a polynomial time algorithm for $(p,q)$-mixing in planar graphs when $3 \leq \frac{p}{q} <4$.

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