论文标题

谁看着守望者?对人格证明协议中的Sybil抗性的主观方法的综述

Who Watches the Watchmen? A Review of Subjective Approaches for Sybil-resistance in Proof of Personhood Protocols

论文作者

Siddarth, Divya, Ivliev, Sergey, Siri, Santiago, Berman, Paula

论文摘要

当前的大多数自我主张身份系统可能被归类为严格客观,由信任的第三方认证者发出的密码签名的陈述组成。这种未能为主观性提供的输入是一个核心挑战:无法解决“谁验证验证者?”的问题。取而代之的是,这些协议依靠传统的集中式机构(例如国家ID发行人和KYC提供者)来验证其持有的主张,将其合法性外包给其内部结构以外的机制。这种依赖已被用来保护应用程序免受以前认为在分布式系统中无法解决的漏洞:Sybil攻击问题,该问题通过创建许多非法的虚拟角色来描述对在线系统的滥用。受到加密货币和区块链技术的进展的启发,最近在网络方案中激增了,利用诸如投票,凭证和解释等主观投入,以达成分散且具有SYBIL的认同性达成共识。在本文中,我们将概述这些新数字化的身份验证来源的方法 - 它们的属性,方法论的优势和劣势 - 并为未来的发展勾勒出可能的方向。

Most current self-sovereign identity systems may be categorized as strictly objective, consisting of cryptographically signed statements issued by trusted third party attestors. This failure to provide an input for subjectivity accounts for a central challenge: the inability to address the question of "Who verifies the verifier?". Instead, these protocols outsource their legitimacy to mechanisms beyond their internal structure, relying on traditional centralized institutions such as national ID issuers and KYC providers to verify the claims they hold. This reliance has been employed to safeguard applications from a vulnerability previously thought to be impossible to address in distributed systems: the Sybil attack problem, which describes the abuse of an online system by creating many illegitimate virtual personas. Inspired by the progress in cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology, there has recently been a surge in networked protocols that make use of subjective inputs such as voting, vouching, and interpreting, to arrive at a decentralized and sybil-resistant consensus for identity. In this article, we will outline the approaches of these new and natively digital sources of authentication -- their attributes, methodologies strengths, and weaknesses -- and sketch out possible directions for future developments.

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