论文标题
学习他们认为与学习自己的工作：替代学习的微观基础
Learning what they think vs. learning what they do: The micro-foundations of vicarious learning
论文作者
论文摘要
替代学习是组织学习的重要组成部分。我们对替代性学习的基础和建模两个基本过程：观察行动（学习他们所做的事情）与信念共享（学习他们的想法）。对我们模型的分析指出了三个关键见解。首先，即使在替代学习者系统中没有代理商始于知识优势，替代性学习也是有益的。其次，通过信念共享的替代学习并不比对行动和结果的相互观察要好得多。具体而言，当任务环境以其价值差异很大且没有时间压力的替代方案时，实现行动和结果的相互观察性优于共享信念。第三，实际上，替代学习中的对称性会对信念共享产生不利影响，但改善了观察性学习。这三个结果均显示为替代学习如何影响自我偏见的信念的结果。
Vicarious learning is a vital component of organizational learning. We theorize and model two fundamental processes underlying vicarious learning: observation of actions (learning what they do) vs. belief sharing (learning what they think). The analysis of our model points to three key insights. First, vicarious learning through either process is beneficial even when no agent in a system of vicarious learners begins with a knowledge advantage. Second, vicarious learning through belief sharing is not universally better than mutual observation of actions and outcomes. Specifically, enabling mutual observability of actions and outcomes is superior to sharing of beliefs when the task environment features few alternatives with large differences in their value and there are no time pressures. Third, symmetry in vicarious learning in fact adversely affects belief sharing but improves observational learning. All three results are shown to be the consequence of how vicarious learning affects self-confirming biased beliefs.
