论文标题
使用1D GRPIC模拟对Kerr黑洞周围磁层间隙的全面分析
Comprehensive analysis of magnetospheric gaps around Kerr black holes using 1D GRPIC simulations
论文作者
论文摘要
火花隙可能是活性黑洞（BH）磁层中血浆的来源。在本文中，我们介绍了饥饿的BH磁层的一般偏见粒子中的一般性粒子模拟的结果，对逆康普顿散射和成对产生的现实处理，在广泛的条件下，运行时间比以前的研究更长，以及不同的设置。我们发现，在初始放电后，系统会在长时间的时间内逐渐演变，直到恢复真空状态或达到准周期振荡状态，具体取决于环境辐射场的频谱形状和亮度。在全局磁层电流处于由渐近Goldreich-julian电荷密度和径向速度的乘积定义的方向的情况下，振荡发生在零电荷表面附近，而当它们是相反方向（返回电流）时。它们的幅度和从间隙发出的TEV光子的亮度取决于条件。对于此处研究的情况，TEV光度与Blandford-Znajek功率的比率从$ 10^{ - 5} $到$ 10^{ - 2} $不等，这表明可以通过磁盘排放中等变化而产生强烈的耀斑。我们还检查了溶液对每个细胞颗粒的初始数量（PPC）的依赖性，并发现对所检查病例的PPC的收敛约为50。在较低的PPC值下，对成对多数性的人为高，从而极大地影响了解决方案。
Spark gaps are likely the source of plasma in active black hole (BH) magnetospheres. In this paper, we present results of 1D general-relativistic particle-in-cell simulations of a starved BH magnetosphere with a realistic treatment of inverse Compton scattering and pair production, for a broad range of conditions, run times longer than in previous studies, and different setups. We find that following the initial discharge, the system undergoes gradual evolution over prolonged time until either, restoring the vacuum state or reaching a state of quasi-periodic oscillations, depending on the spectral shape and luminosity of the ambient radiation field. The oscillations occur near the null charge surface in cases where the global magnetospheric current is in the direction defined by the product of the asymptotic Goldreich-Julian charge density and the radial velocity, while they occur near the boundary of the simulation box when it is the opposite direction (return current). Their amplitude and the resultant luminosity of TeV photons emitted from the gap depend sensitively on the conditions; for the cases studied here the ratio of TeV luminosity to the Blandford-Znajek power ranges from $10^{-5}$ to $10^{-2}$, suggesting that strong flares may be generated by moderate changes in disk emission. We also examined the dependence of the solution on the initial number of particles per cell (PPC) and found convergence for PPC of about 50 for the cases examined. At lower PPC values the pair multiplicity is found to be artificially high, affecting the solution considerably.
