论文标题
二维电子的粘度
Viscosity of two-dimensional electrons
论文作者
论文摘要
电子传输的流体动力状态最近在具有缺陷的超低密度的导体中实现。尽管在许多理论工作中已经研究了二维（2D）流体中的松弛过程，但在理论上或实验中，在具有二次能量谱的2D电子的现实费米气体的粘度并没有可靠地确定。在这里，我们在这种系统中构建了粘度和热导率的理论。我们比较了2D电子费米气体的计算粘度和2D费米液体的先前已知粘度与从最佳质量GAAS量子孔的流体动力负磁磁性中提取的可用实验数据。基于此比较，我们认为粘度的温度依赖性测量可以使电子费米液体和费米气体之间的过渡。
The hydrodynamic regime of electron transport has been recently realized in conductors with ultra-low densities of defects. Although relaxation processes in two-dimensional (2D) fluids have been studied in many theoretical works, the viscosity of the realistic Fermi gas of 2D electrons having the quadratic energy spectrum and interacting by Coulomb's law has not been reliably determined either in theory or in experiment up to now. Here we construct a theory of viscosity and thermal conductivity in such system. We compare the calculated viscosity of the 2D electron Fermi gas and the previously known viscosity of a 2D Fermi liquid with available experimental data extracted from the hydrodynamic negative magnetoresistance of the best-quality GaAs quantum wells. Based on this comparison, we argue that measurements of the temperature dependence of the viscosity can allow to trace the transition between an electron Fermi liquid and a Fermi gas.
