论文标题

北海风力轮毂:系统配置,网格实施和技术经济评估

North Sea Wind Power Hub: System Configurations, Grid Implementation and Techno-economic Assessment

论文作者

Misyris, Georgios, Van Cutsem, Thierry, Møller, Jakob, Dijokas, Matas, Estragués, Ona Renom, Bastin, Bertrand, Chatzivasileiadis, Spyros, Nielsen, Arne, Weckesser, Tilman, Østergaard, Jacob, Kryezi, Fitim

论文摘要

2017年,丹麦和荷兰传输系统运营商(TSO)的Energinet和Tennet宣布了北海风力轮毂(NSWPH)项目。该项目的目的是增加36 GW北海海上风能,一个人工岛收集了风力涡轮机产生的所有功率,并将几种HVDC链接传递到陆上网格。从技术和经济的角度来看,该项目汇集了新的机会和新的挑战。在这方面,本文介绍了有关此类离岸系统的设计和操作的三个分析。首先,我们对不同网格配置进行技术经济评估,以收集风电场产生的功率及其传输到集线器。在此分析中,研究了两个频率和两个电压水平用于离岸网格的运行。我们的发现表明,名义频率高压选项更合适,因为低频没有任何优势,低压将导致更高的成本。第二个分析与低或零进入系统操作系统的差异有关;每种配置都进行了不同的动态研究,以识别正确的控制动作及其稳定性。比较模拟的结果,我们观察到在零进入系统中可以更好地抑制电压和频率振荡。然而,随着同步冷凝器的包含,可以缓解连接在陆上网格中的近海断层的风险。最后,给出了电磁瞬态(EMT)和相组模式(也称为RMS)模型的比较,以了解它们对模拟低和零惯性系统的适当性。结果表明,只要电力网络中的特征频率受到良好的抑制,可以使用相近似建模。

In 2017, Energinet and TenneT, the Danish and Dutch Transmission System Operators (TSOs), have announced the North Sea Wind Power Hub (NSWPH) project. The project aims at increasing by 36 GW the North Sea offshore wind capacity, with an artificial island collecting all the power produced by wind turbines and several HVDC links transmitting this power to the onshore grids. This project brings together new opportunities and new challenges, both from a technical and economic point of view. In this regard, this paper presents three analyses regarding the design and operation of such an offshore system. First, we perform a techno-economic assessment of different grid configurations for the collection of the power produced by wind farms and its transmission to the hub. In this analysis, two frequencies and two voltage levels for the operation of the offshore grid are investigated. Our findings show that the nominal-frequency high-voltage option is the more suitable, as low-frequency does not bring any advantage and low-voltage would results in higher costs. The second analysis is related to the differences in operating the system with low- or zero-inertia; different dynamic studies are performed for each configuration to identify proper control actions and their stability properties. Comparing the outcomes of the simulations, we observed that voltage and frequency oscillations are better damped in the zero-inertia system; however, the risk of propagating offshore faults in the connected onshore grids is mitigated with the inclusion of the synchronous condensers. Lastly, a comparison of ElectroMagnetic Transient (EMT) and phasor-mode (also known as RMS) models is presented, in order to understand their appropriateness of simulating low- and zero- inertia systems. The results show that phasor approximation modelling can be used, as long as eigen-frequencies in power network are well damped.

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