论文标题
用于建模的主要组件轨迹作为强制线性系统
Principal component trajectories for modeling spectrally-continuous dynamics as forced linear systems
论文作者
论文摘要
时间序列数据的延迟嵌入已成为数据驱动的Koopman操作员估计的有前途的坐标基础,该估计是为观察到的非线性动力学寻求线性表示。最近的工作证明了动态模式分解(DMD)在延迟坐标中获得有限维克曼近似值的功效。在本文中,我们演示了(i)如何以主成分轨迹(PCT)和(ii)在此坐标空间中建模的主成分轨迹(PCT)和(ii)的非线性动力学。对于连续或混合(离散和连续)光谱,可以使用外部强迫项来增强DMD。我们提出了一种在延迟坐标中学习线性控制模型的方法,同时以完全不受监督的方式同时发现相应的外抗强迫信号。这将现有的DMD扩展到具有控制(DMDC)算法的情况下,将控制信号尚不清楚。我们提供的例子来验证对已知的基础真理的强迫,并说明其统计相似性。最后,我们提供了适用于现实世界电网负载数据的这种方法的演示,以显示其对诊断和解释的实用性,这些系统对某种周期性行为的强烈强迫和无法估计的环境变量强迫。
Delay embeddings of time series data have emerged as a promising coordinate basis for data-driven estimation of the Koopman operator, which seeks a linear representation for observed nonlinear dynamics. Recent work has demonstrated the efficacy of Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) for obtaining finite-dimensional Koopman approximations in delay coordinates. In this paper we demonstrate how nonlinear dynamics with sparse Fourier spectra can be (i) represented by a superposition of principal component trajectories (PCT) and (ii) modeled by DMD in this coordinate space. For continuous or mixed (discrete and continuous) spectra, DMD can be augmented with an external forcing term. We present a method for learning linear control models in delay coordinates while simultaneously discovering the corresponding exogeneous forcing signal in a fully unsupervised manner. This extends the existing DMD with control (DMDc) algorithm to cases where a control signal is not known a priori. We provide examples to validate the learned forcing against a known ground truth and illustrate their statistical similarity. Finally we offer a demonstration of this method applied to real-world power grid load data to show its utility for diagnostics and interpretation on systems in which somewhat periodic behavior is strongly forced by unknown and unmeasurable environmental variables.