论文标题
匿名游戏中的容错平衡:最佳响应对应关系和固定点
Fault Tolerant Equilibria in Anonymous Games: best response correspondences and fixed points
论文作者
论文摘要
耐受性纳什平衡的概念已被引入,是研究纳什均衡性的鲁棒性的一种方式。在这个概念下,允许固定数量的玩家表现出错误的行为,在这种行为中,他们可能会任意偏离平衡策略。据说,只要没有非道歉用户希望偏离均衡策略,只要其他玩家正在扮演均衡策略,即$ n $ nash的nash平衡据说是$α$耐受的,即,它是$ lattery table a $α$ thatpery that ofα$。在先前的工作中,$α$ - 宽容在很大程度上被视为给定纳什均衡的特性。相反,我们考虑遵循纳什(Nash)的方法,即通过使用最佳响应对应关系和固定点参数来显示均衡的存在。以这种方式,我们为存在$α$污染的平衡提供了足够的条件。这涉及首先定义$α$含量的最佳响应对应。在给定非故障代理的策略配置文件的情况下,这种对应关系包含了非故障玩家的策略,鉴于有缺陷的玩家的任何策略概况,这是最佳响应。我们证明,如果这种对应关系是非空的,那么它是上性连续的。这使我们能够应用Kakutani的固定点定理,并认为,如果这种对应关系对于非故障玩家的每个策略配置文件都是非空的,那么就存在$α$ to的平衡。但是,我们还通过示例说明,在许多游戏中,即使仍然存在$α$ to的Equilibira,对于某些策略配置文件来说,最佳响应信函将是空的。
The notion of fault tolerant Nash equilibria has been introduced as a way of studying the robustness of Nash equilibria. Under this notion, a fixed number of players are allowed to exhibit faulty behavior in which they may deviate arbitrarily from an equilibrium strategy. A Nash equilibrium in a game with $N$ players is said to be $α$-tolerant if no non-faulty user wants to deviate from an equilibrium strategy as long as $N-α-1$ other players are playing the equilibrium strategies, i.e., it is robust to deviations from rationality by $α$ faulty players. In prior work, $α$-tolerance has been largely viewed as a property of a given Nash equilibria. Here, instead we consider following Nash's approach for showing the existence of equilibria, namely, through the use of best response correspondences and fixed-point arguments. In this manner, we provide sufficient conditions for the existence an $α$-tolerant equilibrium. This involves first defining an $α$-tolerant best response correspondence. Given a strategy profile of non-faulty agents, this correspondence contains strategies for a non-faulty player that are a best response given any strategy profile of the faulty players. We prove that if this correspondence is non-empty, then it is upper-hemi-continuous. This enables us to apply Kakutani's fixed-point theorem and argue that if this correspondence is non-empty for every strategy profile of the non-faulty players then there exists an $α$-tolerant equilibrium. However, we also illustrate by examples, that in many games this best response correspondence will be empty for some strategy profiles even though $α$-tolerant equilibira still exist.