论文标题
通过躲在别人的身后获胜：对速滑数据的分析
Winning by hiding behind others: An analysis of speed skating data
论文作者
论文摘要
在某些运动比赛中，例如骑自行车和速滑比赛类型，运动员必须在直接对手的情况下以相对较长的距离来完成相对较长的距离。为了赢得这样的比赛，运动员有动力躲在他人身后，以在比赛的最后时刻抑制能源消耗。这种情况似乎造成了社会困难：玩家想躲在他人身后，而如果一群玩家试图这样做，他们可能会输给其他超越他们的球员。为了支持速滑运动员参与这种社交困境，我们分析了14个群众滑冰比赛的视频录像数据，以发现躲在他人身后，以避免在最终圈速获胜之前避免空气阻力。此外，在大规模开始比赛中，滑板运动员的排名独立于在没有直接对手的情况下测得的时间审判比赛中同一溜冰者的记录。结果表明，如何战略性地应对滑冰者的困境可能是赢得与直接对手的长距离比赛和高速种族的关键决定因素。
In some athletic races, such as cycling and types of speed skating races, athletes have to complete a relatively long distance at a high speed in the presence of direct opponents. To win such a race, athletes are motivated to hide behind others to suppress energy consumption before a final moment of the race. This situation seems to produce a social dilemma: players want to hide behind others, whereas if a group of players attempts to do so, they may all lose to other players that overtake them. To support that speed skaters are involved in such a social dilemma, we analyzed video footage data for 14 mass start skating races to find that skaters that hid behind others to avoid air resistance for a long time before the final lap tended to win. Furthermore, the finish rank of the skaters in mass start races was independent of the record of the same skaters in time-trial races measured in the absence of direct opponents. The results suggest that how to strategically cope with a skater's dilemma may be a key determinant for winning long-distance and high-speed races with direct opponents.
