论文标题

如何不保护无线传感器网络:大量不安全的基于多项式的密钥分布式方案

How not to secure wireless sensor networks: A plethora of insecure polynomial-based key pre-distribution schemes

论文作者

Mitchell, Chris J

论文摘要

最近,已经提出了三个密切相关的基于多项式的基于多项式的键键前分布方案,该方案专门针对无线传感器网络。这些方案使一组预定义的传感器节点的任何子集可以建立一个共享的秘密密钥,而无需任何通信开销。据称,这些方案既安全又轻量级,即使它们特别适合节点有限的计算和存储功能的网络方案。更多的论文基于这些计划,例如为无线传感器网络提出安全的路由协议。不幸的是,正如我们在本文中所显示的那样,这三个方案都是完全不安全的。尽管他们的操作细节各不相同,但它们具有共同的弱点。在每种情况下,我们都表明,配备有两个传感器节点中内置信息的攻击者都可以为所有可能的小组计算攻击节点不是成员的组的组键,从而破坏了基本设计目标。攻击者也可以通过武装的攻击者以及来自单个节点的信息以及该传感器节点无权获得的单个组键。维修方案似乎很困难,即使不是不可能。鉴于拟议方案完全没有任何严格的安全证明,因此存在重大缺陷并不奇怪。另一篇最近的论文提出了基于此处分析的三个关键分配前计划之一的一项小组成员身份认证和关键建立计划;正如我们所证明的那样,该方案也是不安全的,因为我们对相应的分发方案描述的攻击使身份验证过程得以妥协。

Three closely-related polynomial-based group key pre-distribution schemes have recently been proposed, aimed specifically at wireless sensor networks. The schemes enable any subset of a predefined set of sensor nodes to establish a shared secret key without any communications overhead. It is claimed that these schemes are both secure and lightweight, i.e. making them particularly appropriate for network scenarios where nodes have limited computational and storage capabilities. Further papers have built on these schemes, e.g. to propose secure routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. Unfortunately, as we show in this paper, all three schemes are completely insecure; whilst the details of their operation varies, they share common weaknesses. In every case we show that an attacker equipped with the information built into at most two sensor nodes can compute group keys for all possible groups of which the attacked nodes are not a member, which breaks a fundamental design objective. The attacks can also be achieved by an attacker armed with the information from a single node together with a single group key to which this sensor node is not entitled. Repairing the schemes appears difficult, if not impossible. The existence of major flaws is not surprising given the complete absence of any rigorous proofs of security for the proposed schemes. A further recent paper proposes a group membership authentication and key establishment scheme based on one of the three key pre-distribution schemes analysed here; as we demonstrate, this scheme is also insecure, as the attack we describe on the corresponding pre-distribution scheme enables the authentication process to be compromised.

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