论文标题
兼性捕食可以改变蚂蚁占人群
Facultative predation can alter the ant-aphid population
论文作者
论文摘要
尽管蚂蚁 - 阿paphid的相互作用是昆虫物种之间互助的最典型例子，但一些研究表明，蚂蚁出勤对蚜虫并不总是有利的，因为它们可能会支付生理成本。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个新的数学模型，即考虑到蚂蚁出勤成本的蚂蚁 - 阿paphiD系统。它既包括互助和掠夺。在该模型中，我们不仅结合了蚜虫的内在增长率与蚂蚁的蜜露奖励之间的权衡，还包括蚂蚁对蚜虫的兼职捕食。具有功能响应的二维非线性动力学系统的分析和计算机模拟会产生固定点以及新颖而复杂的分叉。这些结果表明，蚜虫对蚂蚁的依赖程度更高，并不总是会增强蚜虫的丰度。相比之下，没有辅助捕食的模型给出了一个简单的预测，即依赖程度越高，蚜虫越丰富。本研究预测了具有互助和兼性捕食的蚂蚁 - 阿paphid系统的两种总体情况：（1）内在增长率较低的蚜虫和许多参加蚂蚁的蚜虫，以及（2）蚜虫的内在增长率较高且参与蚂蚁较少。这似乎解释了为什么有两个蚜虫谱系：一个与蚂蚁相关，另一个与蚂蚁相关。
Although ant--aphid interactions are the most typical example of mutualism between insect species, some studies suggest that ant attendance is not always advantageous for the aphids because they may pay a physiological cost. In this study, we propose a new mathematical model of an ant--aphid system considering the costs of ant attendance. It includes both mutualism and predation. In the model, we incorporate not only the trade-off between the intrinsic growth rate of aphids and the honeydew reward for ants, but also the facultative predation of aphids by ants. The analysis and computer simulations of the two-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system with functional response produces fixed points and also novel and complex bifurcations. These results suggest that a higher degree of dependence of the aphids on the ants does not always enhance the abundance of the aphids. In contrast, the model without facultative predation gives a simple prediction, that is, the higher the degree of dependence, the more abundant the aphids are. The present study predicts two overall scenarios for an ant--aphid system with mutualism and facultative predation: (1) aphids with a lower intrinsic growth rate and many attending ants and (2) aphids with a higher intrinsic growth rate and fewer attending ants. This seems to explain why there are two lineages of aphids: one is associated with ants and the other is not.
