论文标题
状态层次结构和小组合作：广义模型
Status hierarchy and group cooperation: A generalized model
论文作者
论文摘要
Mark（2018）在令人耳目一新的数学研究中表明，地位层次结构可能有助于群体中的合作出现。尽管做出了贡献，但本文指出，马克模型中存在局限性，这使其与解释现实世界的体验相比，它的现实程度不大。因此，我们提出了一个更广泛的修改框架，其中他的模型是一种特殊情况，通过将新的层次结构量度开发和引入模型中，以估计马克在日常生活中却忽略的一系列层次结构中的合作水平，但在日常生活中很常见 - 与多个领导者一起。我们得出了在这些组中可以合作出现的条件，并在基于代理的计算机模拟中验证了我们的分析预测。这样一来，我们的模型不仅会详细介绍其前身并支持Mark的一般预测。从理论上讲，我们的工作进一步揭示了群体合作的两个新现象：合作者与群体中的叛逃者的相对数量以及这些不同角色之间的分类性都可能适得其反。它们并不总是越高，合作就越好。对于方法论，开发了层次结构度量，我们使用该度量的模型也可以应用于对广泛相关主题的未来研究中。
In a refreshing mathematical investigation, Mark (2018) shows that status hierarchy may facilitate the emergence of cooperation in groups. Despite the contribution, the present paper notes that there are limitations in Mark's model that makes it less realistic than it could in explaining real-world experiences. Consequently, we present a more generalized modified framework in which his model is a special case, by developing and introducing a new hierarchy measure into the model to estimate the cooperation level in a set of hierarchical structures omitted in Mark's work yet common in everyday life--those with multiple leaders. We derived the conditions under which cooperation can emerge in these groups, and verified our analytical predictions in agent-based computer simulations. In so doing, not only does our model elaborate on its predecessor and support Mark's general prediction. For theory, our work further reveals two novel phenomena of group cooperation: Both the relative number of cooperators to defectors in groups and the assortativity among these different roles can backfire; they are not always the higher, the better for cooperation to thrive. For methodology, the hierarchy measure developed and our model using the measure may also be applied in future research on a wide range of related topics.
