论文标题
智能电网的歧视性价格机制
Discriminatory Price Mechanism for Smart Grid
论文作者
论文摘要
我们考虑零售商可以在智能网格中为不同消费者设定不同价格的情况。零售商的目标是最大化收入,最大程度地降低运营成本并最大化消费者的福利。零售商希望使用每个消费者特定的价格信号来优化上述目标的凸组合。但是,消费者的单价变异性在参数$η$的范围内,因此限制了歧视。我们将定价问题提出为Stackelberg游戏,零售商是领导者,消费者是追随者。由于零售商的优化问题被证明是非凸,因此我们通过放松将其凸显。我们为渐近意义上的放松提供了绩效保证(当消费者数量倾向于$ \ infty $时)。此外,我们表明,尽管定价差异,但我们的模型提出的定价计划是公平的,因为价格较高的价格会向更高需求意愿的消费者收取更高的费用。我们将分析扩展到场景中,消费者可以通过净计量将能量馈回电网。我们表明,即使在这种情况下,我们的定价政策也促进了公平性,因为对网格的贡献更大的生产商也得到了大幅降低的购买率。还发现该政策激励更多的生产商投资于可再生能源,从而鼓励可持续性。
We consider a scenario where a retailer can set different prices for different consumers in a smart grid. The retailer's objective is to maximize the revenue, minimize the operating cost, and maximize the consumer's welfare. The retailer wants to optimize a convex combination of the above objectives using price signals specific to each consumer. However, variability in unit prices across consumers is bounded by a parameter $η$, hence limiting the discrimination. We formulate the pricing problem as a Stackelberg game where the retailer is the leader and consumers are followers. Since the retailer's optimization problem turns out to be non-convex, we convexify it via relaxations. We provide performance guarantees for the relaxations in the asymptotic sense (when number of consumers tends to $\infty$). Further, we show that despite the variability in pricing, the pricing scheme proposed by our model is fair as higher prices are charged to consumers who have higher willingness for demand. We extend our analysis to the scenario where consumers can feed energy back to the grid via net-metering. We show that our pricing policy promotes fairness even in this scenario as prosumers who contribute more to the grid, are given large cuts on buying rates. The policy is also found to incentivize more prosumers to invest in renewable energy, thus encouraging sustainability.