论文标题

有限的信息有效的双面市场

Efficient Two-Sided Markets with Limited Information

论文作者

Dütting, Paul, Fusco, Federico, Lazos, Philip, Leonardi, Stefano, Reiffenhäuser, Rebecca

论文摘要

Myerson和Satterthwaite(1983)的著名不可能的结果表明,最大化社会福利的双面市场的任何真实机制都必须陷入赤字,从而导致有必要放松福利效率和使用近似机制。通常,这种机制广泛地使用了贝叶斯先生。在这项工作中,我们研究了一个越来越重要的理论和实际重要性的问题:设计具有近似近似值的机制需要多少先前的信息? 我们的第一个贡献是一个更普遍的不可能结果,表明没有任何先前信息,就不可能实现有意义的近似,从而扩大了迈尔森和萨特维特的著名不可能结果。 我们的第二个贡献是,一个{\ em单个样本}(每个项目一个数字),可以说是最小可能的先前信息,每个卖方分布都足以满足一类的两面市场。我们证明,在最佳近似值上可以匹配上限和下界,无论计算方面的考虑如何,都可以使用一个单个样本来获得一个次级买家和添加剂销售商的单个样本。 我们的第三个贡献是设计具有计算高效的黑盒降低的设计,这些降低将任何单方面的机制变成了两侧机制,近似值损失很小,而仅使用每个卖方的一个样本。在途中,我们的黑盒式机制本身会带来一些有趣的积极成果,甚至击败使用完整的先前信息的最新技术。

A celebrated impossibility result by Myerson and Satterthwaite (1983) shows that any truthful mechanism for two-sided markets that maximizes social welfare must run a deficit, resulting in a necessity to relax welfare efficiency and the use of approximation mechanisms. Such mechanisms in general make extensive use of the Bayesian priors. In this work, we investigate a question of increasing theoretical and practical importance: how much prior information is required to design mechanisms with near-optimal approximations? Our first contribution is a more general impossibility result stating that no meaningful approximation is possible without any prior information, expanding the famous impossibility result of Myerson and Satterthwaite. Our second contribution is that one {\em single sample} (one number per item), arguably a minimum-possible amount of prior information, from each seller distribution is sufficient for a large class of two-sided markets. We prove matching upper and lower bounds on the best approximation that can be obtained with one single sample for subadditive buyers and additive sellers, regardless of computational considerations. Our third contribution is the design of computationally efficient blackbox reductions that turn any one-sided mechanism into a two-sided mechanism with a small loss in the approximation, while using only one single sample from each seller. On the way, our blackbox-type mechanisms deliver several interesting positive results in their own right, often beating even the state of the art that uses full prior information.

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