论文标题

通过基于选择性物理的模拟进行计划,以操纵可移动对象

Planning with Selective Physics-based Simulation for Manipulation Among Movable Objects

论文作者

Saleem, Muhammad Suhail, Likhachev, Maxim

论文摘要

将基于物理的模拟用作计划模型的使用使计划者能够推理并生成涉及与世界非平凡互动的计划。例如,从混乱的冰箱中抓住牛奶容器可能涉及在其他物体之间移动机器人操纵器,推开可移动的机器人,并避免与某些脆弱的容器相互作用。基于物理的模拟器允许计划者推理与这些对象相互作用的影响,并生成成功掌握牛奶容器的计划。然而,基于物理的模拟用于计划的情况不足。原因之一是,基于物理的模拟通常太慢,无法在计划循环中使用,该计划循环通常需要在一两秒钟的时间内评估成千上万的动作。在这项工作中,我们开发了一种计划算法,该算法试图应对这一挑战。特别是,它基于这样的观察,即实际上只需要使用物理学来模拟少数动作,并且可以使用更简单的内部计划模型来评估剩下的一组动作,例如在障碍物周围移动手臂,例如简单的碰撞检查模型。在此激励的情况下,我们开发了一种名为“计划”的算法,该算法具有基于物理学的模拟,该算法会自动发现应使用物理学模拟的内容,以及可以利用内部计划模型来进行选择任务。

Use of physics-based simulation as a planning model enables a planner to reason and generate plans that involve non-trivial interactions with the world. For example, grasping a milk container out of a cluttered refrigerator may involve moving a robot manipulator in between other objects, pushing away the ones that are movable and avoiding interactions with certain fragile containers. A physics-based simulator allows a planner to reason about the effects of interactions with these objects and to generate a plan that grasps the milk container successfully. The use of physics-based simulation for planning however is underutilized. One of the reasons for it being that physics-based simulations are typically way too slow for being used within a planning loop that typically requires tens of thousands of actions to be evaluated within a matter of a second or two. In this work, we develop a planning algorithm that tries to address this challenge. In particular, it builds on the observation that only a small number of actions actually need to be simulated using physics, and the remaining set of actions, such as moving an arm around obstacles, can be evaluated using a much simpler internal planning model, e.g., a simple collision-checking model. Motivated by this, we develop an algorithm called Planning with Selective Physics-based Simulation that automatically discovers what should be simulated with physics and what can utilize an internal planning model for pick-and-place tasks.

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