论文标题
相对论布朗运动的随机热力学
Stochastic thermodynamics of relativistic Brownian motion
论文作者
论文摘要
需要相对论治疗的物理场景本质上是普遍存在的，从宇宙学对象到在狄拉克材料中充电载体。有趣的是，所有这些情况的共同点通常是该系统通常远离热平衡。因此，如果以及如何在相对论能量上应用随机热力学的框架是一个突出的问题。在目前的工作中，我们概括了随机热量的概念，并为相对论的langevin方程起作用，并在没有反馈的情况下得出波动定理。对于带有反馈的过程，我们考虑了观察者和布朗颗粒的惯性框架中缺乏同时事件的后果，我们认为绝对不可逆性的框架对避免可靠的考虑至关重要。分析得出了关于石墨烯中潜在的实验应用的一些评论。
Physical scenarios that require a relativistic treatment are ubiquitous in nature, ranging from cosmological objects to charge carriers in Dirac materials. Interestingly all of these situations have in common that the systems typically operate very far from thermal equilibrium. Therefore, if and how the framework of stochastic thermodynamics applies at relativistic energies is a salient question. In the present work we generalize the notions of stochastic heat and work for the relativistic Langevin equation and derive the fluctuation theorems without and with feedback. For processes with feedback we consider the ramifications of the lack of simultaneity of events in the inertial frames of observer and Brownian particles, and we argue that the framework of absolute irreversibility is instrumental to avoid acausal considerations. The analysis is concluded with a few remarks on potential experimental applications in graphene.
