论文标题

Trappist-1可居住的氛围对比(泰语)。动机和协议版本1.0

TRAPPIST-1 Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (THAI). Motivations and protocol version 1.0

论文作者

Fauchez, Thomas J., Turbet, Martin, Wolf, Eric T., Boutle, Ian, Way, Michael J., Del Genio, Anthony D., Mayne, Nathan J., Tsigaridis, Konstantinos, Kopparapu, Ravi K., Yang, Jun, Forget, Francois, Mandell, Avi, Goldman, Shawn D. Domagal

论文摘要

即将到来的望远镜,例如James Webb太空望远镜(JWST)或极大的望远镜(ELTS),很快就可以通过传播,排放或反射光谱来表征,这是岩石外载体的大气,它们的大气在附近的M矮人附近。最有前途的候选者之一是晚期M矮人系统Trappist-1,它具有七个已知的过境行星,其过境时序变化(TTV)的测量表明它们在本质上是陆地,并且可能在挥发物中富集。在这七个行星中,Trappist-1E似乎是最有前途的候选人拥有可居住的表面条件,占地约66%的地球入射辐射,因此仅需要适度的温室气体清单来提高表面温度,以使表面液态水存在。因此,Trappist-1E是JWST大气表征的主要目标之一。在这种情况下,其潜在气氛的建模是观察之前的重要步骤。全球气候模型(GCM)提供了模拟行星氛围的最详细方法。但是,GCM之间存在内在差异,这可能导致气候预测不同,从而可观察到传输和热发射光谱中气体和/或云特征。在观察之前,最好应知道这种差异。在本文中,我们提出了一个跨兼容性行星GCM的协议。对于Trappist-1E,考虑了四个测试案例,但该方法适用于宜居区的其他岩石外行星。这四个测试案例包括两个由现代地球和纯二氧化碳大气组成的陆地行星,以及两个具有相同大气成分的水上行星。目前,有四种参与模型(LMDG,洛克-3D,exocam,um),但是该协议旨在让其他团队也参与。

Upcoming telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), or the Extremely Large Telescope (ELTs), may soon be able to characterize, through transmission, emission or reflection spectroscopy, the atmospheres of rocky exoplanets orbiting nearby M dwarfs. One of the most promising candidates is the late M dwarf system TRAPPIST-1 which has seven known transiting planets for which Transit Timing Variation (TTV) measurements suggest that they are terrestrial in nature, with a possible enrichment in volatiles. Among these seven planets, TRAPPIST-1e seems to be the most promising candidate to have habitable surface conditions, receiving ~66 % of the Earth's incident radiation, and thus needing only modest greenhouse gas inventories to raise surface temperatures to allow surface liquid water to exist. TRAPPIST-1e is therefore one of the prime targets for JWST atmospheric characterization. In this context, the modeling of its potential atmosphere is an essential step prior to observation. Global Climate Models (GCMs) offer the most detailed way to simulate planetary atmospheres. However, intrinsic differences exist between GCMs which can lead to different climate prediction and thus observability of gas and/or cloud features in transmission and thermal emission spectra. Such differences should preferably be known prior to observations. In this paper we present a protocol to inter-compare planetary GCMs. Four testing cases are considered for TRAPPIST-1e but the methodology is applicable to other rocky exoplanets in the Habitable Zone. The four test cases included two land planets composed with a modern Earth and pure CO2 atmospheres, respectively, and two aqua planets with the same atmospheric compositions. Currently, there are four participating models (LMDG, ROCKE-3D, ExoCAM, UM), however this protocol is intended to let other teams participate as well.

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