论文标题
随着时间敏感网络的准时同步问题与调节器和非理想时钟
On Time Synchronization Issues in Time-Sensitive Networks with Regulators and Nonideal Clocks
论文作者
论文摘要
流量重塑用于时间敏感的网络(如在IEEE TSN和IETF Detnet的上下文中),以减少网络内部的爆发性并支持保证的延迟范围的计算。这是使用每流调节器(例如令牌桶过滤器)或交织的调节器(与IEEE TSN异步交通形成)一起执行的。两种类型的调节剂都有益,因为它们取消了由于网络内部的多重速度而增加的爆发。通过使用网络演算证明,它们不会增加最严重的延迟延迟。但是,假设时间在所有网络节点中都是完美的,则建立了调节剂的属性。实际上,节点使用本地,不完美的时钟。时间敏感网络具有两种口味:(1)在非同步网络中,本地时钟在每个节点及其偏差都不受控制,并且(2)在同步网络中,本地时钟的偏差将其偏差保持在非常小的界限内,例如使用非常小的同步协议(例如PTP)或基于Satellite的Geo-positions-aS-aSsodions-assostions(例如,AS GPS)。在这两种情况下,我们都会重新审查监管机构的特性。在非同步网络中,我们表明,由于人均或交错调节器的无限延迟,忽略时间不准确会导致网络不稳定性。我们提出和分析两种方法(速率和爆发级联,异步双重到达方法)来避免此问题。在同步网络中,我们表明,人均调节器没有不稳定性,但是令人惊讶的是,交错的调节器可以导致不稳定。为了建立这些结果,我们开发了一个新的框架,该框架在非同步和同步网络中捕获了时钟上的工业需求,并开发了一个工具箱,该工具箱扩展了网络计算以说明时钟瑕疵。
Flow reshaping is used in time-sensitive networks (as in the context of IEEE TSN and IETF Detnet) in order to reduce burstiness inside the network and to support the computation of guaranteed latency bounds. This is performed using per-flow regulators (such as the Token Bucket Filter) or interleaved regulators (as with IEEE TSN Asynchronous Traffic Shaping). Both types of regulators are beneficial as they cancel the increase of burstiness due to multiplexing inside the network. It was demonstrated, by using network calculus, that they do not increase the worst-case latency. However, the properties of regulators were established assuming that time is perfect in all network nodes. In reality, nodes use local, imperfect clocks. Time-sensitive networks exist in two flavours: (1) in non-synchronized networks, local clocks run independently at every node and their deviations are not controlled and (2) in synchronized networks, the deviations of local clocks are kept within very small bounds using for example a synchronization protocol (such as PTP) or a satellite based geo-positioning system (such as GPS). We revisit the properties of regulators in both cases. In non-synchronized networks, we show that ignoring the timing inaccuracies can lead to network instability due to unbounded delay in per-flow or interleaved regulators. We propose and analyze two methods (rate and burst cascade, and asynchronous dual arrival-curve method) for avoiding this problem. In synchronized networks, we show that there is no instability with per-flow regulators but, surprisingly, interleaved regulators can lead to instability. To establish these results, we develop a new framework that captures industrial requirements on clocks in both non-synchronized and synchronized networks, and we develop a toolbox that extends network calculus to account for clock imperfections.