论文标题
通过微观分析研究确定性的哈密顿系统中熵扩散关系的研究
Study of Entropy-Diffusion Relation in a Deterministic Hamiltonian System through Microscopic Analysis
论文作者
论文摘要
尽管已经提倡熵与扩散之间的紧密关系已有很多年了,甚至在理论和实验中似乎已经得到验证,一项定量可靠的研究以及两者之间的代数关系的任何推导似乎都不存在。在这里,我们在三个确定性系统中探讨了这种熵扩散关系的性质,在这些系统中,可以对两者进行准确的估计。我们研究了三个确定性模型系统,(a)在二维周期性势能景观中具有恒定能量的单点粒子的运动,(b)在常规的洛伦兹气体中相同,在lorentz气体中,具有恒定能量的点粒子在与硬盘散射器的碰撞和(c)盒粒子在盒子中的碰撞碰撞之间移动的点粒子在带有小光圈的盒子中运动。这些模型是由Zwanzig引入的,在显示出存在的界限性的极限中表现出扩散运动。然后,我们通过准确计算上述模型系统的扩散和熵来探索扩散 - 内向关系。我们通过使用Boltzmann的公式采用计算机模拟和熵来估计粒子的自扩散系数。我们观察到某些特定区域的扩散 - 内向关系中的一个有趣的交叉,这归因于相关回报的出现。正如在低温下观察到的那样,跨界可能会预示着两者之间的罗森菲尔德样指数缩放。稍后,我们修改了缩放关系,以说明相关运动,并对通过Lyapunov指数获得的动力学熵进行详细分析,这在确定性系统的研究中是一个重要数量。
Although an intimate relation between entropy and diffusion has been advocated for many years and even seems to have been verified in theory and experiments, a quantitatively reliable study, and any derivation of an algebraic relation between the two does not seem to exist. Here we explore the nature of this entropy-diffusion relation in three deterministic systems where an accurate estimate of both can be carried out. We study three deterministic model systems, (a) the motion of a single point particle with constant energy in a two-dimensional periodic potential energy landscape, (b) the same in regular Lorentz gas where a point particle with constant energy moves between collisions with hard disc scatterers and (c) motion of a point particle among the boxes with small apertures. These models, introduced by Zwanzig, exhibit diffusive motion in the limit where ergodicity is shown to exist. We then explore the diffusion-entropy relation by an accurate calculation of both diffusion and entropy for the aforementioned model systems. We estimate the self-diffusion coefficient of the particle by employing computer simulations and entropy by quadrature using Boltzmann's formula. We observe an interesting crossover in the diffusion-entropy relation in some specific regions which is attributed to the emergence of correlated returns. The crossover could herald a breakdown of the Rosenfeld-like exponential scaling between the two, as observed at low temperatures. Later, we modify the scaling relation to account for the correlated motions and present a detailed analysis of the dynamical entropy obtained via Lyapunov exponent which is rather an important quantity in the study of deterministic systems.