论文标题
阿尔玛星球候选人青年的悖论
The paradox of youth for ALMA planet candidates
论文作者
论文摘要
最近的ALMA观察结果表明,大多数明亮的原星盘都显示出年轻的中度行星的特征。我表明这个结果是自相矛盾的。行星应通过在系统年龄的大约1 \%的径向迁移和气体积聚来远离其观察到的状态。然后,这些系统应该在其一生中孵化数十个巨型行星,并且应该存在很大的无星球圆盘。这些都没有得到观察的支持。提出了一种替代方案,其中提出了新气体沉积的次要盘子,其中明亮的Alma碟片由新气体恢复活力。数据是否可以与圆盘的气体质量相媲美,并且可以很好地解释数据,并且它们持续一百万年。以前在潮汐缩小理论中预测的尘土气体巨型原子星座的自我扰动为这种新燃料注射提供了适当的机制,并产生了与Alma观测值相称的二张碟片和行星性能。如果这种情况是正确的,则二级盘的气体与盘状比大约要小于100,而昏暗靶标的Alma和NIR/NIR/NIR/光学观察结果应揭示尘土飞扬的,但尚未破坏的气体团块,具有AU级尺寸的气体团块。另外,次级盘可能源自气体的晚期外部沉积到系统中,在这种情况下,我们预计扭曲的外盘的广泛签名尚未与行星保持一致。
Recent ALMA observations indicate that the majority of bright protoplanetary discs show signatures of young moderately massive planets. I show that this result is paradoxical. The planets should evolve away from their observed states by radial migration and gas accretion in about 1\% of the system age. These systems should then hatch tens of giant planets in their lifetime, and there should exist a very large population of bright planet-less discs; none of this is observationally supported. An alternative scenario, in which the population of bright ALMA discs is dominated by secondary discs recently rejuvenated by deposition of new gas, is proposed. The data are well explained if the gaseous mass of the discs is comparable to a Jovian planet mass, and they last a small fraction of a Million years. Self-disruptions of dusty gas giant protoplanets, previously predicted in the context of the Tidal Downsizing theory of planet formation, provide a suitable mechanism for such injections of new fuel, and yield disc and planet properties commensurate with ALMA observations. If this scenario is correct, then the secondary discs have gas-to-dust ratios considerably smaller than 100, and long look ALMA and NIR/optical observations of dimmer targets should uncover dusty, not yet disrupted, gas clumps with sizes of order an AU. Alternatively, secondary discs could originate from late external deposition of gas into the system, in which case we expect widespread signatures of warped outer discs that have not yet come into alignment with the planets.